Exhibit 1.1

Equinix, Inc.

Common Stock, Par Value $0.001 Per Share
Having an Aggregate Offering Price of up to $2,000,000,000

EQUITY DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT

October 1, 2024

This Equity Distribution Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into by and among Equinix, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), on the one hand, and Barclays Capital Inc. (“Barclays”), BTIG, LLC, Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”), Mizuho Securities USA LLC (“Mizuho”), MUFG Securities Americas Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC”), Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. (“Scotia”) and TD Securities (USA) LLC (“TD”) (each, a “Manager”, and collectively, the “Managers”), Barclays Bank PLC, Jefferies, Mizuho Markets Americas LLC, Royal Bank of Canada, The Bank of Nova Scotia and The Toronto-Dominion Bank (each in its capacity as purchaser under any Forward Contract (as defined below), a “Forward Purchaser” and collectively, the “Forward Purchasers”) and Barclays, Jefferies, Mizuho, RBC, Scotia and TD (each, as agent for its affiliated Forward Purchaser in connection with the offering and sale of any Forward Hedge Shares (as defined below) hereunder, a “Forward Seller” and collectively, the “Forward Sellers”), on the other hand.

SECTION 1: Description of Shares. From time to time during the term of this Agreement (x) the Company may issue and sell through or to the Managers, as sales agents and/or principals, Issuance Shares (as defined below) and (y) the Forward Purchasers may offer and sell, through the Forward Sellers, Forward Hedge Shares (as defined below), in the aggregate having an aggregate offering price of up to $2,000,000,000 on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein. The Issuance Shares and the Forward Hedge Shares offered and sold pursuant to this Agreement shall be referred to herein as the “Shares.” The shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company to be outstanding after giving effect to the sales contemplated hereby are hereinafter referred to as the “Common Stock”. The Company agrees that, whenever the Company determines to sell Issuance Shares directly to any Manager as principal, it will enter into a separate agreement (each, a “Terms Agreement”), in form and substance mutually satisfactory to the Company and such Manager, relating to such sale in accordance with Section 3 hereof.

The Company has filed not earlier than three years prior to the date hereof, or will file (the “Execution Date”), in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Act”), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”), a registration statement (File No. 333-275203) on Form S-3, including a Base Prospectus (as defined below), which specifically relates to Shares which may be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Exchange Act”). The Company has prepared or will prepare a Prospectus Supplement (as defined below) to the Base Prospectus which specifically relates to the Shares. Except where the context otherwise requires, “Registration Statement,” as used herein, means the registration statement, including the Base Prospectus, as amended at the time of such registration statement’s effectiveness or deemed effectiveness for purposes of Section 11 of the Act, as such section applies to the Managers, Forward Purchasers, and Forward Sellers, including (1) all documents filed as a part thereof or incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein, and (2) any information contained or incorporated by reference in a prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act, to the extent such information is deemed, pursuant to Rule 430B or Rule 430C under the Act, to be part of the registration statement at the time of such registration statement’s effectiveness or deemed effectiveness for purposes of Section 11 of the Act, as such section applies to the Managers. Except where the context otherwise requires, “Base Prospectus,” as used herein, means the prospectus filed as part of the Registration Statement, together with any amendments or supplements thereto as of the date of this Agreement. Except where the context otherwise requires, “Prospectus Supplement,” as used herein, means the final prospectus supplement relating to the Shares, filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act in connection with the offering of the Shares. Except where the context otherwise requires, “Prospectus,” as used herein, means the Prospectus Supplement together with the Base Prospectus. “Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses,” as used herein, means the documents listed on Schedule A hereto. Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the Act as of the date of such document (the “Incorporated Documents”). Any reference herein to the terms “amend,” “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus or any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing on or after the initial effective date of the Registration Statement, or the date of the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus or any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, as the case may be, of any document with the Commission deemed to be incorporated by reference therein. For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include any copy filed with the Commission pursuant to the Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval (“EDGAR”) system. “Execution Time” shall mean the date and time that this Agreement is executed and delivered by the parties hereto.

For purposes of this Agreement, capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the following respective meanings:

“Actual Sold Forward Amount” means, for any Forward Hedge Selling Period for any Forward, the number of Forward Hedge Shares that a Forward Seller has sold during such Forward Hedge Selling Period.

“Forward” means the transaction resulting from the delivery by the Company, and the acceptance by the relevant Forward Purchaser, of a Forward Placement Notice, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the applicable Forward Contract.

“Forward Contract” means, for each Forward, the contract evidencing such Forward between the Company and a Forward Purchaser, which shall be comprised of the Master Forward Confirmation and the related “Supplemental Confirmation” (as defined in the Master Forward Confirmation) for such Forward.

“Forward Date” means any Trading Day that a Forward Placement Notice is delivered or deemed to be delivered pursuant to Section 3(b).

“Forward Hedge Amount” means the aggregate Sales Price of the Forward Hedge Shares to be sold by a Forward Seller with respect to any Forward as specified in the Forward Placement Notice for such Forward, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

“Forward Hedge Price” means, for any Forward Contract, the product of (x) an amount equal to one (1) minus the Forward Hedge Selling Commission Rate for such Forward Contract; and (y) the “Volume-Weighted Hedge Price” (as defined in the Master Forward Confirmation) for such Forward Contract.

“Forward Hedge Selling Commission” means, for any Forward Contract, the product of (x) the Forward Hedge Selling Commission Rate for such Forward Contract and (y) the “Volume-Weighted Hedge Price” (as defined in the Master Forward Confirmation) for such Forward Contract.

“Forward Hedge Selling Commission Rate” means, for any Forward Contract, a rate mutually agreed between the Company and a Forward Seller, not to exceed 2.0%.

“Forward Hedge Selling Period” means the period of consecutive Trading Days (as determined by the Company in its sole discretion and specified in the applicable Forward Placement Notice) beginning on, and including, the Trading Day immediately following the Trading Day on which such Forward Placement Notice is delivered or deemed to be delivered pursuant to Section 3(b) and ending on, and including, the earlier of (x) the last day of the Forward Hedge Selling Period specified in the applicable Forward Placement Notice and (y) the date on which the relevant Forward Seller completes the sale of the full number of Forward Hedge Shares to be sold pursuant to such Forward Placement Notice; provided, that if, prior to the scheduled end of any Forward Hedge Selling Period, (x) any event occurs that would permit a Forward Purchaser to designate a “Scheduled Trading Day” as a “Termination Settlement Date” (as each such term is defined in the Master Forward Confirmation) under, and pursuant to, the provisions opposite the caption “Termination Settlement” in the Master Forward Confirmation or (y) an “Insolvency Filing” (as such term is defined in the Master Forward Confirmation) occurs, then the Forward Hedge Selling Period shall immediately terminate as of the first such occurrence (or, if later, when persons at the Forward Seller responsible for executing sales of Forward Hedge Shares become aware of such occurrence).

“Forward Hedge Settlement Date” means the first Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading) following each Trading Day during the applicable Forward Hedge Selling Period on which a Forward Seller sells any Forward Hedge Shares pursuant to this Agreement.

“Forward Hedge Shares” means all shares of Common Stock borrowed by a Forward Purchaser or its affiliate and offered and sold by the Forward Sellers in connection with any Forward that has occurred or may occur in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

“Forward Placement Notice” means a written notice to a Forward Purchaser and a Forward Seller, as applicable, delivered in accordance with this Agreement in the form attached as Exhibit B specifying that it relates to a “Forward”.

“Issuance Shares” means all shares of Common Stock issued and sold through a Manager in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

“Master Forward Confirmation” means any Master Confirmation, dated as of the date hereof, by and between the Company and any Forward Purchaser, including all provisions incorporated by reference therein, substantially in the form attached as Exhibit C.

“Sales Price” means, for each Forward Hedge Share or each Issuance Share, the actual sale execution price of each Forward Hedge Share or Issuance Share, respectively, sold by a Forward Seller or a Manager, as applicable, on the Nasdaq (as defined below), in the case of ordinary brokers’ transactions, or as otherwise agreed by the parties in other methods of sale.

“Settlement Date” means any Forward Hedge Settlement Date or any Issuance Share Settlement Date (as defined below).

“Trading Day” means any day which is a trading day on the Nasdaq, other than a day on which the Nasdaq is scheduled to close prior to its regular weekday closing time.

SECTION 2:

A. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, each Manager, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers on and as of (i) the Execution Time, (ii) each date on which the Company executes and delivers a Terms Agreement or a Forward Placement Notice, (iii) the time any Authorized Representative (as defined in Section 3(a)(i)) instructs any Manager to make sales of Shares as set forth in Section 3 hereof, (iv) the time of each sale of Shares pursuant to this Agreement, (v) each Settlement Date and (vi) each Bring-Down Delivery Date (as defined in Section 4(n)) (each such date listed in (ii) through (vi), a “Representation Date”), that:

(a) Registration. The Company satisfies the conditions for the use of Form S-3 in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares as contemplated hereby. The Registration Statement has become effective, or will become effective prior to any Representation Date. The Registration Statement at each Representation Date, and at all times during which a prospectus is required by the Act to be delivered (whether physically deemed to be delivered pursuant to Rule 153 or through compliance with Rule 172 or any similar rule) in connection with any offer or sale of Shares, meets the requirements set forth in Rule 415(a)(1)(x). Copies of such Registration Statement and each of the amendments thereto have been delivered by the Company to the Managers by means of the Commission’s EDGAR system.

(b) No Stop Order. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, any post-effective amendment thereto or the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, is in effect, and no proceedings for such purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Act are pending before or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the Commission. The Commission has not issued any order preventing or suspending the use of any Prospectus Supplement or any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus and no proceeding for that purpose has been initiated or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the Commission.

(c) Registration Statement and Prospectus Conform to the Requirements of the Act. On the date it became effective, the Registration Statement conformed, and, as then amended or supplemented, as of each Representation Date will conform, in all material respects, to the applicable requirements of the Act. When the Prospectus is first filed in accordance with Rule 424(b) and as of each Representation Date, the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will conform, in all material respects to the applicable requirements of the Act and, except to the extent the Managers, Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers shall agree in writing to a modification, shall be in all substantive respects in the form furnished to you prior to the Execution Time or, to the extent not completed at the Execution Time, shall contain only such specific additional information and other changes (beyond that contained in the Base Prospectus used most recently prior to the Execution Time) as the Company has advised you, prior to the Execution Time, will be included or made therein. The Company meets, and at the time the Registration Statement was originally declared effective the Company met, the applicable requirements of Form S-3 under the Act. The documents incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, when they were filed (or, if any amendment with respect to any such document was filed, when such amendment was filed), conformed in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act; and any further such documents incorporated by reference will, when they are filed, conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act.

(d) Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses Conform to the Requirements of the Act. Each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, if any, conformed or will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Act on the date of first use, and the Company has complied or will comply with all prospectus delivery and filing requirements applicable to each such Permitted Free Writing Prospectus pursuant to the Act. The Company has not made any offer relating to the Shares that would constitute a Permitted Free Writing Prospectus without the prior written consent of the Managers, Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers. The Company has retained, in accordance with the Act, all Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, that were not required to be filed pursuant to the Act.

(e) No Material Misstatements or Omissions. As of the date it became effective, the Registration Statement did not, and does not and will not, as then amended or supplemented, as of each Representation Date, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; as of its date, the Prospectus did not, and does not and will not, as then amended or supplemented, as of each Representation Date, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, if any, as of its date, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus hereto, if any, does not conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, and each such Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, as supplemented by and taken together with the Prospectus as of its date, did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that the representations and warranties set forth in this Section 2(e) do not apply to statements or omissions in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any such amendment or supplement thereto in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller consists of the information described as such in Section 7 hereof.

(f) Formation and Qualification; Subsidiaries. The Company has been duly incorporated and is an existing corporation in good standing under the laws of State of Delaware, with power and authority (corporate and other) to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Prospectus; and the Company is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation in good standing in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or in good standing in such other jurisdictions would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. As used herein, “Material Adverse Effect” means a material adverse effect on the condition (financial or other), business, properties or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. As of the Execution Time and each Representation Date, the “Subsidiaries” for purposes of this Agreement shall be deemed to be the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company that are material to the business of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole as of the Execution Time or such Representation Date, as applicable, and, in any case, shall include all significant subsidiaries of the Company as defined by Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, and no subsidiaries of the Company shall be excluded from the definition of “Subsidiaries” for such purpose to the extent that such subsidiaries, in the aggregate, are material to the business of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. The Company and the Subsidiaries are herein referred to collectively as the “Company Parties.” Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, in each case, each of the Subsidiaries has been duly organized and is an existing business entity in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, with power and authority (corporate and other) to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented as of the relevant Representation Date; and each Subsidiary is duly qualified to do business as a foreign business entity in good standing in all other jurisdictions in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; all of the issued and outstanding capital stock or equity interests, as applicable, of each subsidiary of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable. The Company owns all of the shares of capital stock or equity interests, as applicable, of each subsidiary of the Company, directly or through subsidiaries, free from liens, encumbrances and defects, except as pledged pursuant to financing agreements as disclosed in the Prospectus, or as otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus, in each case as amended or supplemented as of the relevant Representation Date.

(g) Power and Authority. The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and perform its obligations hereunder and all action required to be taken for the due and proper authorization, execution and delivery by it of this Agreement, the Master Forward Confirmation and each “Supplemental Confirmation” under the Master Forward Confirmation (collectively, the “Transaction Documents”) and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby has been duly and validly taken. Assuming that the Stock Ownership Limit in Article XI of the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, has not been exceeded, the Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to issue, sell and deliver the Issuance Shares, in accordance with and upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, each as subsequently amended from time to time (the “Bylaws”). All corporate action required to be taken by the Company or its board of directors for the offer and sale of the Shares and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement has been validly taken.

(h) Shares. The Shares to be offered by the Company hereunder have been duly authorized and are (or, in the case of Shares to be issued by the Company, when issued and delivered and paid for as provided herein, will be) duly and validly issued in accordance with the Bylaws and fully paid and non-assessable and will conform to the description thereof in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; and no such issuance of Shares is subject to any statutory, preemptive or other similar contractual rights to subscribe for the Shares.

(i) Outstanding Equity. The authorized capital stock of the Company conforms as to legal matters to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented as of the relevant Representation Date. All outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued in accordance with the Bylaws, fully paid and non-assessable and conform as to legal matters to the description thereof contained in or incorporated by reference into the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented as of the relevant Representation Date; and the stockholders of the Company have no preemptive rights with respect to the Shares. As of the date of the Company’s most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or an Annual Report on Form 10-K, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented as of the relevant Representation Date, neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has any outstanding options to purchase, or any preemptive rights or other rights to subscribe for or to purchase, any securities or obligations convertible into, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell, shares of its capital stock or any such options, rights, convertible securities or obligations. All outstanding shares of capital stock and options and other rights to acquire capital stock have been issued in compliance with the registration and qualification provisions of all applicable securities laws and were not issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights.

(j) Authorization, Execution and Delivery of this Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.

(k) Federal Reserve Regulations. Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Issuance Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.

(l) No Breach or Default. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, as of the relevant Representation Date, none of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries is currently in breach of, or in default under, any written agreement or instrument to which it or its property is bound or affected except to the extent that such breach or default would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(m) No Conflicts. The execution and delivery by the Company of, and performance by the Company of its obligations under, each of the Transaction Documents, the issuance and sale of the Issuance Shares by the Company through the Managers and the offering and sale of any Forward Hedge Shares by any Forward Seller, will not result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default under, any statute, any rule, regulation or order of any governmental agency or body or any court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their properties, or any agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the properties of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is subject (except a breach, violation or default that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the execution and delivery by the Company of, and performance by the Company of its obligations under, the Transaction Documents, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated therein), or the charter or by-laws, or similar organizational documents, of the Company.

(n) No Consents Required. No consent, approval, authorization, or order of, or filing with, any governmental agency or body or any court is required to be obtained or made by the Company of its respective obligations under the Transaction Documents, the issuance and sale of the Issuance Shares, the offering and sale of any Forward Hedge Shares and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, except (x) such as have been obtained and made under the Act or the Exchange Act or (y) such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations or qualifications (A) as may be obtained under applicable securities or blue-sky laws of any state or foreign jurisdiction in connection with the sale of the Issuance Shares by the Managers or the offering of the Forward Hedge Shares by the Forward Sellers or (B) as have been obtained prior to the date herewith.

(o) Legal Proceedings. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented as of the relevant Representation Date, there are no pending actions, suits or proceedings against or affecting the Company, any of the Subsidiaries, or any of their respective properties that, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect, or would materially and adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement, or which are otherwise material in the context of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and no such actions, suits or proceedings are threatened or, to the Company’s knowledge, contemplated.

(p) Independent Accountants. PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP (US) (the “Accountants”), whose report on the consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries within the applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and as required by the Act.

(q) Title to Real and Personal Property. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented as of the relevant Representation Date, the Company and the Subsidiaries hold title to all real properties and all other properties and assets owned by them, in each case free from liens, encumbrances and defects that are reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect; and the Company and the Subsidiaries hold any leased real or personal property under valid and enforceable leases with no exceptions that are reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(r) Financial Statements. The financial statements of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented as of the relevant Representation Date, present fairly the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the dates shown and their consolidated statements of operations and cash flows for the periods shown, and such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States applied on a consistent basis and the schedules included in the Registration Statement present fairly the information required to be stated therein. The pro forma financial information, if any, including the pro forma financial statements and the related notes thereto, incorporated by referenced in the Prospectus and the Registration Statement have been, or shall be, prepared in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable. The assumptions used in preparing such pro forma financial information are, or shall be, reasonable and the adjustments used therein are, or shall be, appropriate to give effect to the transactions and circumstances referred to therein.

(s) Intellectual Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries own, possess or can acquire on reasonable terms, adequate trademarks, trade names and other rights to inventions, know-how, patents, copyrights, confidential information and other intellectual property (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”) necessary to conduct the business now operated by them, or presently employed by them, and have not received any notice of infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any Intellectual Property Rights that, if determined adversely to the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect.

(t) Investment Company Act. The Company is not, and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Issuance Shares and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, will not be, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(u) Permits. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, the Company and the Subsidiaries possess adequate certificates, authorities or permits issued by appropriate governmental agencies or bodies necessary to conduct the business now operated by them. The Company and the Subsidiaries have not received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authority or permit that, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect.

(v) No Labor Disputes. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, no labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(w) Environmental Laws. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented as of the relevant Representation Date, none of the Company or the Subsidiaries (A) is in violation of any statute, any rule, regulation, decision or order of any governmental agency or body or any court, domestic or foreign, relating to the use, disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or relating to the protection or restoration of the environment or human exposure to hazardous or toxic substances (collectively, the “Environmental Laws”), (B) owns, leases or operates any real property contaminated with any substance that is subject to any Environmental Laws, (C) is liable for any off-site disposal or contamination pursuant to any Environmental Laws, or (D) is subject to any claim relating to any Environmental Laws, in each case which violation, contamination, liability or claim would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect; and the Company is not aware of any pending or threatened investigation which is reasonably expected to lead to such a claim. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented as of the relevant Representation Date, there are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws (including, without limitation, any capital or operating expenditures required for clean-up, closure of properties or compliance with Environmental Laws or any permit, license or approval, any related constraints on operating activities and any potential liabilities to third parties) that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(x) No Material Adverse Effect; No Dividends. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented as of the relevant Representation Date, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (i) there has not occurred any Material Adverse Effect, or any development or event that would reasonably be expected to involve a prospective Material Adverse Effect, and (ii) there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company on any class of its capital stock.

(y) Disclosure. The Company is subject to the reporting requirements of either Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act and files reports with the Commission on the EDGAR system.

(z) Insurance. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which they are engaged, and none of the Company or any such Subsidiary has any reason to believe, absent a significant change in overall insurance market conditions, that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(aa) Internal Accounting Controls. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, the Company and each of the Subsidiaries maintains a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability; (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences and (E) interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”) included or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus is prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto; the Company and the Subsidiaries’ internal controls over financial reporting are effective and the Company and the Subsidiaries are not aware of any material weakness in their internal controls over financial reporting.

(bb) No Unlawful Payments. None of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made or taken an act in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any foreign or domestic government official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offence under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom, or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law; or (iv) made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment or benefit. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries will use, directly or indirectly, the proceeds of the offering in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any person in violation of any applicable anti-corruption laws. The Company and its subsidiaries have instituted, maintain and enforce, and will continue to maintain and enforce, policies and procedures designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.

(cc) Anti-Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), and the applicable money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions where the Company or any of its subsidiaries conducts business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Anti-Money Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

(dd) Sanctions. None of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is currently the subject or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Government, (including without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department or the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked person”), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, HM Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor is the Company or any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target of Sanctions, including without limitation, Crimea, Kherson, so-called Donetsk People’s Republic and so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, and Zaporizhzhia regions of Ukraine, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Venezuela and Syria (each, a “Sanctioned Country”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of any offering of Shares contemplated hereby, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject or target of Sanctions, (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as Manager, Forward Purchaser, Forward Seller, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. Since April 24, 2019, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in and will not engage in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.

(ee) No Broker’s Fees. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings (other than this Agreement) between the Company and any person that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(ff) No Registration Rights. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented as of the relevant Representation Date, or as have been validly waived, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings involving the Company granting to any person the right to require the Company to file a registration statement under the Act with respect to any securities of the Company owned or to be owned by such person or to require the Company to include such securities in the securities registered pursuant to the Registration Statement or in any securities being registered pursuant to any other registration statement filed by the Company under the Act.

(gg) No Stabilization. None of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to, or that might reasonably be expected to, cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares. Except as permitted by the Act and furnished and consented to by the Managers, Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers prior to distribution, the Company has not distributed any registration statement, preliminary prospectus, prospectus or other offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares.

(hh) Statistical and Market Data. Nothing has come to the attention of the Company that has caused the Company to believe that the statistical and market-related data included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus is not based on or derived from sources that are reliable and accurate in all material respects and the Company has obtained the written consent to the use of such data from such sources to the extent required.

(ii) Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company and its directors and officers are in material compliance with the applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith.

(jj) Status under the Act. At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Act) of the Shares and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer,” and was or is (as the case may be) a “well-known seasoned issuer”, in each case as defined in Rule 405 under the Act. The Company has paid the registration fees for each offering of Shares contemplated hereby pursuant to Rule 456(b)(1) under the Act or will pay such fees within the time period required by such rule (without giving effect to the proviso therein) and otherwise in accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) under the Act.

(kk) XBRL. The XBRL included or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

(ll) Listing of the Shares. On or prior to the Execution Date, the Issuance Shares will have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (the “Nasdaq”).

(mm) Common Stock. The Common Stock is an “actively-traded security” excepted from the requirements of Rule 101 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act by Rule 101(c)(1) thereunder.

(nn) Cybersecurity. The Company and its subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, “IT Systems”) are adequate for, and operate and perform in all respects as required in connection with, the operation of the business of the Company and the subsidiaries as currently conducted, except for such inadequacies or failures to operate and perform as would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards reasonably designed to maintain and protect the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all material IT Systems and all information and data processed or stored in connection with their businesses, including all material personal, personally identifiable, sensitive, confidential or regulated information and data (“Protected Data”). For the past two years, there have been no breaches, violations, outages, or unauthorized uses of or accesses to the IT Systems and Protected Data, except for those that have been remedied without material cost or liability or that did not, or are not reasonably expected to, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Protected Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Protected Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except for such noncompliance as would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

Any certificate signed by any officer of the Company and delivered to a Manager, Forward Purchaser, and Forward Seller, or counsel for the Managers, Forward Purchasers or Forward Sellers in connection with an offering of Shares hereunder shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company, as to matters covered thereby, to each Manager, Forward Purchaser, or Forward Seller.

B. Representation and Warranty of the Forward Sellers. Each of the Forward Sellers severally represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the Managers that this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Forward Sellers, and the Forward Sellers will have full right, power and authority to sell, transfer and deliver the Forward Hedge Shares.

SECTION 3: Sale and Delivery of Issuance Shares and Forward Hedge Shares. On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, (x) the Company agrees to issue and sell through or to the Managers, as sales agents and/or principals, as and when it provides instructions, in its discretion, for the sale of the Issuance Shares and (y) each Forward Purchaser agrees to offer for sale Forward Hedge Shares through its affiliated Forward Seller, as and when the Company delivers a Forward Placement Notice to such Forward Purchaser and its affiliated Forward Seller and such Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller accept such Forward Placement Notice, and each Manager (in the case of Issuance Shares) or Forward Seller (in the case of Forward Hedge Shares) agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations, to (i) sell, as sales agent for the Company, Issuance Shares on the terms set forth below and (ii) sell Forward Hedge Shares on the terms set forth below. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, any Manager (in the case of Issuance Shares) or Forward Seller (in the case of Forward Hedge Shares) may decline, for any reason in its sole discretion, to act as sales agent for the Company or forward seller and agent for its affiliated Forward Purchaser, as the case may be, hereunder with respect to one or more sets of Company instructions for the sale of Issuance Shares or Forward Placement Notices, as applicable.

(a) Issuance Shares

(i) The Issuance Shares are to be sold by any one of the Managers on any single given day on any Trading Day on which (A) the Company, through any of the individuals listed as authorized representatives of the Company on Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule B may be amended from time to time (the “Authorized Representatives”), has instructed such Manager to make such sales and (B) the Company has satisfied its obligations under Sections 4, 5 and 6 hereof. On a Trading Day that the Company wishes to sell the Issuance Shares, (i) the Company may sell the Issuance Shares through only one Manager on such Trading Day, and (ii) such Trading Day shall not be during, or overlap with, any Forward Hedge Selling Period; provided that the foregoing shall not prohibit the Company from entering into a Terms Agreement with two or more Managers, providing for such Managers, each acting severally as principal, to offer and sell Shares set forth in the Terms Agreements or prohibit or limit in any respect the offer or sale of Shares purchased by any Manager, as principal, from the Company pursuant to a Terms Agreement. If the Company determines in its discretion to sell the Issuance Shares through a Manager, the Company will designate (x) in a notice delivered by electronic mail substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 3(a)(i) or (y) by telephone (confirmed promptly by electronic mail substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 3(a)(i)) the maximum amount of the Issuance Shares to be sold by such Manager daily as agreed to by such Manager (in any event the Company shall not instruct such Manager to sell Issuance Shares in excess of the amount available for issuance under the Prospectus and the Registration Statement or in an amount in excess of the amount of Shares authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement or, together with all sales of the Shares under this Agreement, any minimum price below which sales of the Issuance Shares may not be effected) and any other limitations specified by the Company and mutually agreed by such Manager. On any Trading Day, the Company shall give at least one business day’s prior notice (confirmed promptly by electronic mail) to the relevant Manager as to any change of the Manager through whom sales of the Issuance Shares as sales agent will be made. The Manager through whom sales of the Issuance Shares as sales agent are then being made pursuant to this Section 3(a) is referred to as the “Selling Manager”. For the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing limitation shall not apply to sales solely to employees or other security holders of the Company Parties or to a trustee or other person acquiring the Issuance Shares for the accounts of such persons in which Barclays Capital Inc., BTIG, LLC, Jefferies LLC, Mizuho Securities USA LLC, MUFG Securities Americas Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. and TD Securities (USA) LLC is acting for the Company in a capacity other than as Manager under this Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 3(a), the Managers may sell the Issuance Shares by any method permitted by law including, without limitation, an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Act or sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions, to or through a market maker at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices (such transactions are hereinafter referred to as “At the Market Offerings”). Subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 3(a) and the other terms and conditions specified herein (including, without limitation, the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company and the performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations contained herein and the satisfaction of the additional conditions specified in Section 6 hereof), the applicable Manager shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to offer and sell all of the Issuance Shares designated; provided, however, that the Managers shall have no obligation to offer or sell any Issuance Shares, and the Company acknowledges and agrees that the Managers shall have no such obligation, in the event that an offer or sale of the Issuance Shares on behalf of the Company in the reasonable judgment of a Manager may cause such Manager to be deemed to be an “underwriter” under the Act in a transaction that is other than by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions between members of the Nasdaq that qualify for delivery of a Prospectus to the Nasdaq in accordance with Rule 153 under the Act.

(ii) Each of the Managers hereby covenants and agrees not to make any sales of the Issuance Shares on behalf of the Company, pursuant to this Section 3(a), other than (A) by means of At the Market Offerings and (B) such other sales of the Issuance Shares on behalf of the Company in its capacity as agent of the Company as shall be mutually agreed upon by the Company and such Manager.

(iii) The compensation to each Manager, as agent of the Company, for sales of the Issuance Shares hereunder shall be at a mutually agreed rate, not to exceed 2.0% of the gross Sales Price of the Issuance Shares sold by such Manager pursuant to this Section 3(a). The remaining proceeds, after further deduction for any transaction fees imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales, shall constitute the net proceeds to the Company for such Issuance Shares (the “Net Proceeds”).

(iv) If the Company wishes to issue and sell the Issuance Shares other than as set forth in the foregoing provisions of this Section 3(a), it will notify a Manager of the proposed terms of such issuance and sale (each, a “Placement”). If such Manager, acting as principal, wishes to accept such proposed terms (which it may decline to do for any reason in its sole discretion) or, following discussions with the Company, wishes to accept amended terms, the Company and such Manager will enter into a Terms Agreement setting forth the terms of such Placement. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of any Terms Agreement, the terms of such Terms Agreement will control.

(b) Forward Hedge Shares

(i) Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Transaction Documents, on any Trading Day, the Company may deliver a Forward Placement Notice executed by an authorized officer of the Company to a Forward Purchaser and the affiliated Forward Seller. The Forward Purchaser and the affiliated Forward Seller may accept the Forward Placement Notice by e-mail to one of the Authorized Representatives confirming the terms of such Forward Placement Notice. Upon the delivery of a Forward Placement Notice to the Forward Purchaser and the Forward Seller and the Forward Purchaser’s and the Forward Seller’s acceptance of such Forward Placement Notice by e-mail confirming the terms of such Forward Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Forward Hedge Shares described therein has been suspended or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement or the Master Forward Confirmation, the Forward Purchaser will use commercially reasonable efforts to borrow Forward Hedge Shares up to the amount specified and the Forward Seller will use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such Forward Hedge Shares in order to establish a commercially reasonable hedge position, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Forward Placement Notice. The number of Forward Hedge Shares that the Forward Purchaser shall use commercially reasonable efforts to borrow and that the Forward Seller shall use commercially reasonable efforts to sell pursuant to such Forward shall have an aggregate actual sale execution price equal to the Forward Hedge Amount set forth in the Forward Placement Notice accepted by the Forward Purchaser and the Forward Seller.

(ii) A Forward Placement Notice or any amendment thereto shall be deemed delivered on the Trading Day that it is received by facsimile or otherwise (and the Company confirms such delivery by e-mail notice or by telephone (including voicemail message)) by the Forward Purchaser and the Forward Seller. No Forward Placement Notice may be delivered if an ex-dividend date or ex-date, as applicable for any dividend or distribution payable by the Company on the Common Stock, is scheduled to occur during the period from, but excluding, the first scheduled Trading Day of the related Forward Hedge Selling Period to, and including, the last scheduled Trading Day of such Forward Hedge Selling Period.

(iii) No later than the opening of the Trading Day next following the last Trading Day of each Forward Hedge Selling Period (or, if earlier, the date on which any Forward Hedge Selling Period is terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement or the Master Forward Confirmation), the Forward Purchaser shall execute and deliver to the Company, and the Company shall execute and return to the Forward Purchaser, a “Supplemental Confirmation” in respect of the Forward for such Forward Hedge Selling Period, which “Supplemental Confirmation” shall set forth the “Trade Date” for such Forward (which shall, subject to the terms of the Master Forward Confirmation, be the last Trading Day of such Forward Hedge Selling Period), the “Effective Date” for such Forward (which shall, subject to the terms of the Master Forward Confirmation, be the date one Settlement Cycle (as such term is defined in the Master Forward Confirmation) immediately following the last Trading Day of such Forward Hedge Selling Period), the initial “Base Amount” for such Forward (which shall, subject to the terms of the Master Forward Confirmation, be the Actual Sold Forward Amount for such Forward Hedge Selling Period), the “Maturity Date” for such Forward (which shall, subject to the terms of the applicable Master Forward Confirmation, be the date that follows the last Trading Day of such Forward Hedge Selling Period by the number of months or years set forth opposite the caption “Term” in the Forward Placement Notice for such Forward, which number of months or years shall in no event be less than one (1) month nor more than twelve (12) months), the “Forward Price Reduction Dates” for such Forward (which shall be each of the dates set forth below the caption “Forward Price Reduction Dates” in the Forward Placement Notice for such Forward), the “Forward Price Reduction Amount” corresponding to such Forward Price Reduction Dates (which shall be each amount set forth opposite each “Forward Price Reduction Date” and below the caption “Forward Price Reduction Amounts” in the Forward Placement Notice for such Forward), the “Spread” for such Forward (which shall be the amount set forth opposite the term “Spread” in the Forward Placement Notice), the “Initial Forward Price” for such Forward (which shall be determined as provided in the Master Forward Confirmation), the “Volume-Weighted Hedge Price” (as defined in the Master Forward Confirmation), the “Specified Borrow Rate” (which shall be the rate set forth opposite the term “Specified Borrow Rate” in the Forward Placement Notice), the “Maximum Specified Borrow Rate” (which shall be the rate set forth opposite the term “Maximum Specified Borrow Rate” in the Forward Placement Notice), the “Forward Share Number” and the “Notice Settlement Number” (which shall be the number set forth opposite the term “Notice Settlement Number” in the Forward Placement Notice).

(iv) For each Forward, the Company shall be obligated to enter into a Forward Contract with the Forward Purchaser, and the Forward Purchaser shall be obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to borrow, and the Forward Seller shall use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell, the Forward Hedge Shares pursuant to such Forward only if and when the Company delivers a Forward Placement Notice to the Forward Purchaser and the Forward Seller and the Forward Purchaser and the Forward Seller have accepted such Forward Placement Notice as provided in Section 3(b)(ii). The Company shall have the right, in its sole discretion, to request that the Forward Seller and Forward Purchaser amend at any time and from time to time any Forward Placement Notice, and if such amendment is accepted by the Forward Purchaser and the Forward Seller, each of the Forward Purchaser and the Forward Seller shall, as soon as reasonably practicable after receiving notice of such amendment, modify its offers to sell or borrow, as applicable, consistent with any such amendment notice; provided, however, that (i) the Company may not amend the Forward Hedge Amount if such amended Forward Hedge Amount is less than the Actual Sold Forward Amount as of the date of such amendment and (ii) the Company shall not have the right to amend a Forward Placement Notice after the related “Supplemental Confirmation” has been delivered to the Company.

(v) Each of the Company, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers acknowledge and agree that: (x) there can be no assurance that the Forward Purchaser will be successful in borrowing or that the Forward Seller will be successful in selling Forward Hedge Shares; (y) a Forward Seller will incur no liability or obligation to the Company, the Forward Purchaser or any other person if it does not sell Forward Hedge Shares borrowed by the Forward Purchaser for any reason other than a failure by the Forward Seller to use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such Forward Hedge Shares as required under this Section 3(b); and (z) the Forward Purchaser will incur no liability or obligation to the Company, the Forward Seller or any other person if it does not borrow Forward Hedge Shares for any reason other than a failure by the Forward Purchaser to use commercially reasonable efforts to borrow such Forward Hedge Shares as required under this Section 3(b). Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, a Forward Purchaser’s obligation to use commercially reasonable efforts to borrow or cause its affiliate to borrow all or any portion of the Forward Hedge Shares (and a Forward Seller’s obligation to use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such portion of the Forward Hedge Shares) for any Forward hereunder shall be subject in all respects to clause (ii) of the provisions under the caption “Conditions to Effectiveness” in Section 3 of the Master Forward Confirmation. In acting hereunder, any Forward Seller will be acting as agent for the Forward Purchaser and not as principal.

(vi) The Company shall not authorize the sale of and such Forward Seller shall not sell any Forward Hedge Shares, at a price lower than the minimum price therefor designated by the Company or in a number in excess of the number of Shares approved for listing on the Nasdaq, or in excess of the number or amount of Shares available for issuance on the Registration Statement for which the applicable registration fee has been paid, it being understood and agreed by the parties hereto that compliance with any such limitations regarding the number of Shares shall be the sole responsibility of the Company. In addition, the Company, on the one hand, or such Forward Seller, on the other hand, may, upon notice to the other party hereto by telephone (confirmed promptly by email or facsimile), suspend an offering of the Forward Hedge Shares pursuant to this Agreement and/or terminate any Forward Hedge Selling Period; provided, however, that such suspension or termination shall not affect or impair the parties’ respective obligations with respect to the Forward Hedge Shares sold hereunder prior to the giving of such notice.

(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may instruct the Managers (in the case of Issuance Shares) or the Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers (in the case of Forward Hedge Shares) (confirmed promptly by electronic mail) not to sell the Shares if such sales cannot be effected at or above the price designated by the Company in any such instruction or Forward Placement Notice, as applicable. In addition, the Company or any Manager (in the case of Issuance Shares) or the Forward Seller (in the case of Forward Hedge Shares) may, upon notice to the other parties hereto (confirmed promptly by electronic mail), suspend the offering of the Shares for a specified period (a “Suspension Period”); provided, however, that such Suspension Period shall not affect or impair the parties’ respective obligations with respect to the Shares sold hereunder prior to the giving of such notice and provided, further, that there shall be no obligations under Sections 4(n), 4(o), 4(p), 4(q) and 4(u) with respect to the delivery of certificates, opinions, or comfort letters to the Managers, Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers, as applicable, or the conducting of a due diligence session, in each case, during a Suspension Period, and that such obligations shall recommence on the termination of the Suspension Period.

(d) If acting as manager or forward seller and agent for its affiliated Forward Purchaser hereunder, as applicable, each Manager or Forward Seller, as the case may be, shall provide written confirmation to the Company (which may be by electronic mail) as soon as is reasonably practicable following the close of trading on the Nasdaq each day in which the Shares are sold pursuant to Section 3(a) or Section 3(b) setting forth (i) the number of Issuance Shares or the Actual Sold Forward Amount sold on such day, (ii) the Net Proceeds to the Company (in the case of Issuance Shares) or the “Volume-Weighted Hedge Price” (as defined in the Master Forward Confirmation) for the Forward Hedge Shares, as the case may be, and (iii) the commission payable by the Company to such Manager or the Forward Hedge Selling Commission Rate, as the case may be, with respect to such sale of Shares.

(e) Settlement for sales of the Issuance Shares pursuant to this Agreement will occur on the first business day that is also a trading day on the Nasdaq following the date on which such sales are made (each such date, an “Issuance Share Settlement Date”). On each Issuance Share Settlement Date, the Shares sold through a Manager for settlement on such date shall be issued and delivered by the Company to such Manager against payment of the Net Proceeds, or, at such Manager’s election, the gross proceeds, for the sale of such Shares. Settlement for all such Shares shall be effected by free delivery of the Shares by the Company or its transfer agent to such Manager’s account, or to the account of such Manager’s designee, at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System (“DTC”) or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto, which in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered units in good deliverable form, in return for payments in same day funds delivered to the account designated by the Company. In the event that the relevant Manager delivers the gross proceeds of a given sale of Issuance Shares to the Company on an Issuance Share Settlement Date, the compensation payable to such Manager for such sale shall be set forth and invoiced in a periodic statement from the Manager to the Company and payment of such compensation shall be made promptly by the Company as directed by such Manager after the Company’s receipt of such periodic statement. If the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), shall default upon its obligation to deliver the Issuance Shares on any Issuance Share Settlement Date, in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in this Agreement, the Company shall (A) indemnify and hold such Manager harmless against any loss, claim or damage arising from or as a result of such default by the Company and (B) pay such Manager any commission to which it would otherwise be entitled absent such default. Any Authorized Representative shall be a permissible contact person for the Company for all matters related to the settlement of the transfer of the Issuance Shares through DTC for purposes of this Section.

(f) Each sale of Forward Hedge Shares will be settled as between the Forward Purchaser and the Forward Seller on each applicable Forward Hedge Settlement Date following the relevant Forward Date. On or before each Forward Hedge Settlement Date, the Forward Purchaser will, or will cause its agent to, electronically transfer the Forward Hedge Shares being offered and sold by crediting the Forward Seller or its designee’s account at DTC, or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the Forward Purchaser and the Forward Seller and, upon receipt of such Forward Hedge Shares, which in all cases shall be freely tradeable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form, the Forward Seller shall deliver to the Forward Purchaser the related portion of the Forward Hedge Price in same day funds delivered to an account designated by the Forward Purchaser prior to the relevant Forward Hedge Settlement Date.

(g) At each Representation Date the Company shall be deemed to have affirmed each representation and warranty contained in this Agreement. Any obligation of any Manager, Forward Purchaser, or Forward Seller to use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell the Shares shall be subject to the continuing accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company herein, to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and to the continuing satisfaction of the additional conditions specified in Section 6 hereof.

(h) Under no circumstances shall the aggregate gross proceeds of the Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement exceed the lesser of (A) the amount set forth in Section 1 hereof and (B) the amount available for offer and sale under the Registration Statement, nor shall the aggregate amount of Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement exceed the amount of Shares authorized to be issued and sold from time to time under this Agreement by the Board of Directors of the Company, or a duly authorized committee thereof, and notified to the Managers or Forward Seller, as applicable, in writing. The Managers and Forward Sellers shall have no responsibility for maintaining records with respect to Shares available for offer or sale under the Registration Statement or for determining the aggregate gross proceeds, number or minimum price of Shares duly authorized by the Company.

(i) Each offer and sale of the Shares through or to any Manager or by any Forward Seller shall be made in accordance with the terms of this Agreement or, if applicable, a Terms Agreement or Forward Placement Notice, as applicable. The applicable Manager’s commitment, if any, to purchase Issuance Shares from the Company as principal, or the applicable Forward Seller’s commitment to offer and sell Forward Hedge Shares, as the case may be, shall be deemed to have been made on the basis of the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company, and performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations, herein contained and shall be subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth. At the time of each Terms Agreement or Forward Placement Notice, as the case may be, the applicable Manager or Forward Seller shall specify the requirements, if any, for the officers’ certificate, opinions, letters of counsel and comfort letters and due diligence session pursuant to this Agreement.

(j) Subject to the limitations set forth herein and except as provided in Section 3(k) hereof or otherwise may be mutually agreed upon by the Company and the Managers, Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers, sales effected pursuant to this Agreement may not be requested by the Company and need not be made by any Manager or Forward Seller (i) during the 14 calendar days prior to the date (each, an “Announcement Date”) on which the Company shall issue a press release containing, or shall otherwise publicly announce, its earnings, revenues or other results of operations (each, an “Earnings Announcement”), (ii) at any time from and including an Announcement Date through and including the later to occur of (A) the day that the Company files a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or an Annual Report on Form 10-K that includes consolidated financial statements as of and for the same period or periods, as the case may be, covered by such Earnings Announcement, and (B) the applicable Bring-Down Delivery Date of the Company referenced in Section 4(n) below, or (iii) during any other period in which the Company is, or could be deemed to be, in possession of material non-public information.

(k) Notwithstanding Section 3(j) hereof, if the Company wishes to offer or sell Shares to a Manager as sales agent at any time during the period from and including an Announcement Date through and including the time that the Company files a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or an Annual Report on Form 10-K that includes consolidated financial statements as of and for the same period or periods, the Company shall first (i) prepare and deliver to such Manager and the applicable Forward Purchaser (with a copy to counsel for the Managers and the Forward Purchasers) a Current Report on Form 8-K that includes substantially the same financial and related information that was included in such Earnings Announcement (other than any earnings projections and similar forward-looking data and officers’ quotations) (each, an “Earnings 8-K”), in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such Manager and the applicable Forward Purchaser, and, prior to its filing, obtain the written consent of such Manager to such filing (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), (ii) provide such Manager and the applicable Forward Purchaser with the officers’ certificate, opinions and letters of counsel and comfort letters, hereof, (iii) afford such Manager and the applicable Forward Purchaser the opportunity to conduct a due diligence review prior to filing such Earnings 8-K and (iv) file such Earnings 8-K with the Commission. For purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that the delivery of any officers’ certificate, opinion or letter of counsel or comfort letters pursuant to this Section 3(k) shall not relieve the Company from any of its obligations under this Agreement with respect to any Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Annual Report on Form 10-K, as the case may be, including, without limitation, the obligation to deliver officers’ certificates, opinions and letters of counsel and comfort letters.

(l) The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance that any Manager or Forward Seller will be successful in selling the Shares, (ii) no Manager or Forward Seller will incur liability or obligation to the Company, any Forward Purchaser or any other person or entity if it does not sell Shares for any reason other than a failure by such Manager or Forward Seller to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Shares in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, and (iii) no Manager shall be under any obligation to purchase Issuance Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement except as otherwise specifically agreed by such Manager and the Company pursuant to a Terms Agreement.

(m) If any of the Company, the Managers, Forward Purchasers or Forward Sellers has reason to believe that the exemptive provisions set forth in Rule 101(c)(1) of Regulation M under the Exchange Act are not satisfied with respect to the Shares, it shall promptly notify the other parties, and sales of the Shares under this Agreement shall be suspended until that or other exemptive provisions have been satisfied in the judgment of each party.

SECTION 4: Covenants of the Company. The Company agrees with the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers as follows:

(a) During the period in which a prospectus relating to the Shares is required to be delivered under the Act (whether physically, deemed to be delivered pursuant to Rule 153 or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Act or any similar rule), to notify the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers promptly of the time when any amendment to the Registration Statement has become effective or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus has been filed by means of the Commission’s EDGAR system; to prepare and file with the Commission, promptly upon the Managers’, the Forward Purchasers’ or the Forward Sellers’ request, any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that, in the Managers’, the Forward Purchasers’ or the Forward Sellers’ reasonable opinion, may be necessary or advisable in connection with the offer of the Shares by the Managers the Forward Purchasers or the Forward Sellers; and to cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Act.

(b) To pay the required Commission filing fees relating to the Shares within the time required by Rule 456(b)(1) of the Act without regard to the proviso therein and otherwise in accordance with Rules 456(b) and 457(r) of the Act.

(c) To promptly advise the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, confirming such advice in writing (which may be made by electronic mail), of any request by the Commission for amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus or for additional information with respect thereto, or of notice of examination, institution of proceedings for, or the entry of a stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or pursuant to Section 8A of the Act and, if the Commission should enter a stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or take any action with respect to such Section 8A, to use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the lifting or removal of such order or resolution of such action, as applicable, as soon as possible; to promptly advise the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers of any proposal to amend or supplement the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus, and to provide the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers and counsel for the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers copies of any such documents (excluding any documents incorporated or deemed incorporated therein by reference) for review and comment in a reasonable amount of time prior to any proposed filing and to file no such amendment or supplement (other than any prospectus supplement relating to the offering of other securities (including, without limitation, Common Stock)) to which the Managers, Forward Purchasers or Forward Sellers shall have objected in writing.

(d) To make available to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, as soon as practicable after the date of this Agreement, and thereafter from time to time to furnish to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, as many copies of the Prospectus (or of the Prospectus as amended or supplemented at such time if the Company shall have made any amendments or supplements thereto) as the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers may reasonably request; in case the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers are required to deliver (whether physically, deemed to be delivered pursuant to Rule 153 or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Act or any similar rule), in connection with the sale of the Shares, a prospectus after the nine-month period referred to in Section 10(a)(3) of the Act, or after the time a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement is required pursuant to Item 512(a) of Regulation S-K under the Act, the Company will prepare, at its expense, such amendment or amendments to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as may be necessary to ensure compliance with the requirements of Section 10(a)(3) of the Act or Item 512(a) of Regulation S-K under the Act, as the case may be.

(e) Subject to Section 4(c) hereof, to file promptly all reports and documents and any preliminary or definitive proxy or information statement required to be filed by the Company with the Commission in order to comply with the Exchange Act for so long as a prospectus relating to the Shares is required by the Act to be delivered (whether physically, deemed to be delivered pursuant to Rule 153 or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Act or any similar rule) in connection with any sale of Shares and to provide the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers with a copy of such reports and statements and other documents to be filed by the Company pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during such period a reasonable amount of time prior to any proposed filing.

(f) To promptly notify the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers of the happening of any event that could require the making of any change in the Registration Statement as then amended or supplemented so that the Registration Statement would not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and to prepare and furnish, at the Company’s expense, to each Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller promptly such amendments or supplements to such Registration Statement as may be necessary to reflect any such change in such quantities as such Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller may reasonably request. To promptly notify the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers of the happening of any event that could require the making of any change in the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented so that the Prospectus would not contain an untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading, and, during any period during which a prospectus is required to be delivered (whether physically, deemed to be delivered pursuant to Rule 153 or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Act or any similar rule) in connection with any sale of Shares, to prepare and furnish, at the Company’s expense, to each Manager, Forward Purchaser and the Forward Seller promptly such amendments or supplements to such Prospectus as may be necessary to reflect any such change in such quantities as such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller may reasonably request.

(g) To furnish such information as may be required and otherwise cooperate in qualifying the Shares for offer and sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as the Managers, the Forward Purchasers or the Forward Sellers may reasonably designate and to maintain such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Shares; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to consent to the service of process under the laws of any such jurisdiction (except service of process with respect to the offering and sale of the Shares); and to promptly advise the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Shares for offer or sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening in writing of any proceeding for such purpose.

(h) To make generally available to its security holders, and to deliver to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers an earnings statement of the Company (which will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Act and Rule 158 of the Commission thereunder, which may be satisfied by timely filing reports with the Commission on its EDGAR system) covering a period of twelve months beginning after the effective date of the Registration Statement (as defined in Rule 158(c) of the Act) as soon as is reasonably practicable after the termination of such twelve-month period but not later than sixteen months after the effective date of the Registration Statement (as such date is defined in Rule 158(c) under the Act).

(i) To apply the Net Proceeds from the sale of the Issuance Shares by the Company pursuant to this Agreement and any Terms Agreement in the manner set forth under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in the Prospectus Supplement.

(j) At any time that the Company has instructed any Manager to sell the Issuance Shares or sent a Forward Placement Notice to any Forward Purchaser and its affiliated Forward Seller pursuant to Section 3 hereof but such instructions (or requirements set forth in such Forward Placement Notice) have not been fulfilled or cancelled, not to sell, offer to sell, contract or agree to sell, hypothecate, pledge, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of or agree to dispose of, directly or indirectly, any Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock or warrants or other rights to purchase Common Stock or any other securities of the Company that are substantially similar to the Common Stock or permit the registration under the Act of any Common Stock, in each case without giving such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller at least two business days’ prior written notice specifying the nature of the proposed sale and the date of such proposed sale. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may (i) register the offer and sale of the Shares through any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller pursuant to this Agreement or any Terms Agreement or settle any Forward; (ii) issue Common Stock pursuant to employee benefit plans, qualified unit option plans or other employee compensation plans existing on the date hereof or disclosed in the Prospectus as of such date; (iii) issue Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock in connection with any acquisition or strategic transaction. In the event that notice of a proposed sale is provided by the Company pursuant to this Section 4(j), the Managers, Forward Purchasers or Forward Sellers may suspend activity under this program for such period of time as may be requested by the Company or as may be deemed appropriate by the Managers, Forward Purchasers or Forward Sellers. The Company agrees that any offer to sell, any solicitation of an offer to buy, or any sale of Shares under this Agreement (including pursuant to any Forward Placement Notice) shall be effected by or through only one Manager, sales agent, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller on any single given day, and the Company shall in no event request (including pursuant to any Forward Placement Notice) that more than one of the Managers, sales agents, Forward Purchasers or Forward Sellers sell Shares on the same day.

(k) The Company Parties will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or result in, or that has constituted or might reasonably be expected to constitute under the Exchange Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares.

(l) To use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Common Stock to maintain its listing on the Nasdaq.

(m) To advise the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers promptly after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge of any information or fact that would materially alter or affect any opinion, certificate, letter or other document provided to the Managers pursuant to Section 6 hereof.

(n) Upon commencement of the offering of the Shares under this Agreement (and upon recommencement of the offering of the Shares under this Agreement following a Suspension Period) and promptly after each date that (i) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be amended or supplemented (other than pursuant to subclause (ii) below and other than by a prospectus supplement filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act relating solely to the offering of securities other than the Shares), or (ii) there is filed with the Commission any document incorporated by reference into the Prospectus (the date of commencement of the offering of the Shares under this Agreement and each date referred to in subclauses (i) and (ii) above, are each referred to as a “Bring-Down Delivery Date”), to furnish or cause to be furnished to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers forthwith a certificate dated and delivered on the Bring-Down Delivery Date, in form satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers to the effect that the statements contained in the certificate referred to in Section 6(g) of this Agreement which was last furnished to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers are true and correct as of such Bring-Down Delivery Date, as though made at and as of such date (except that such statements shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to such date) or, in lieu of such certificate, a certificate of the same tenor as the certificate referred to in said Section 6(g), modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to the time of delivery of such certificate; provided that the filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K will not constitute a Bring-Down Delivery Date under clause (ii) above unless either (A)(x) such Current Report on Form 8-K is filed at any time during which either a prospectus relating to the Shares is required to be delivered under the Act (whether physically, deemed to be delivered pursuant to Rule 153 or through compliance with Rule 172 or any similar rule) or such Current Report on Form 8-K is filed at any time from and including the date of a Terms Agreement through and including the relevant Settlement Date and (y) the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers have reasonably requested that such date be deemed to be a Bring-Down Delivery Date based upon the event or events reported in such Current Report on Form 8-K or (B) such Current Report on Form 8-K contains capsule financial information, historical or pro forma financial statements, supporting schedules or other financial data, including any Current Report on Form 8-K or part thereof under Item 2.02 of Regulation S-K of the Commission that is considered “filed” under the Exchange Act; provided, further, that the obligation of the Company under this subsection (n) shall be deferred during any Suspension Period and shall recommence upon the termination of such Suspension Period; and provided, further, that the obligation of the Company under this subsection (n) shall be deferred until such time as the Company executes and delivers a Terms Agreement or Forward Placement Notice or such time as an Authorized Representative instructs any Manager to make a sale of Issuance Shares under this Agreement.

(o) To furnish or cause to be furnished forthwith to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers at or promptly after each Bring-Down Delivery Date (and upon recommencement of the offering of the Shares under this Agreement following a Suspension Period), (i) a written opinion and negative assurance letter of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, counsel to the Company (together with any other counsel satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers “Company Counsel”), each dated and delivered as of such Bring-Down Delivery Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers of the same tenor as the opinion and negative assurance letter referred to in Section 6(c) of this Agreement, but modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to the time of delivery of such opinion and negative assurance letter, (ii) a written opinion of Sullivan & Worcester LLP, special tax counsel to the Company (together with any other counsel satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers “Tax Counsel”), dated and delivered as of such Bring-Down Delivery Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers of the same tenor as the opinion referred to in Section 6(d) hereof, but, modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to the time of delivery of such opinion and (iii) a written opinion of either (1) the Chief Legal Officer or General Counsel or (2) the Senior Vice President of Legal or Deputy General Counsel of the Company (“In-House Counsel”), dated and delivered as of such Bring-Down Delivery Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers of the same tenor as the opinion referred to in Section 6(e) of this Agreement, but modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to the time of delivery of such opinion; provided, however, that in lieu of such opinions and negative assurance letters for subsequent Bring-Down Delivery Dates, Company Counsel, Tax Counsel and In-House Counsel may furnish the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers with a letter to the effect that the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers may rely on a prior opinion delivered under this Section 4(o) to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior opinion shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented at such Bring-Down Delivery Date); provided further that the obligation of the Company under this subsection (o) shall be deferred during any Suspension Period and shall recommence upon the termination of such Suspension Period; and provided, further that the obligation of the Company under this subsection (o) shall be deferred until such time as the Company executes and delivers a Terms Agreement or Forward Placement Notice or such time as an Authorized Representative instructs any Manager to make a sale of Issuance Shares under this Agreement.

(p) At or promptly after each Bring-Down Delivery Date (and upon recommencement of the offering of the Shares under this Agreement following a Suspension Period), Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, or other counsel to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers shall deliver a written opinion and negative assurance letter, dated and delivered as of such Bring-Down Delivery Date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers; provided that the obligation under this subsection (p) shall be deferred during any Suspension Period and shall recommence upon the termination of such Suspension Period; and provided, further, that the obligation of the Company under this subsection (p) shall be deferred until such time as the Company executes and delivers a Terms Agreement or Forward Placement Notice or such time as an Authorized Representative instructs any Manager to make a sale of Issuance Shares under this Agreement.

(q) Upon commencement of the offering of the Shares under this Agreement (and upon recommencement of the offering of the Shares under this Agreement following a Suspension Period), and promptly after each date that (i) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be amended or supplemented to include additional or amended financial information, (ii) the Company shall file an annual report on Form 10-K or a quarterly report on Form 10-Q, (iii) there is filed with the Commission any document (other than an annual report on Form 10-K or a quarterly report on Form 10-Q) incorporated by reference into the Prospectus which contains financial information, or (iv) the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers shall otherwise reasonably request, to cause the Accountants (or other independent accountants of the Company satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers) and any other applicable accounting firm reasonably requested by the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, forthwith to furnish to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, a letter (“Comfort Letter”), dated the date of the commencement of the offering, the date of effectiveness of such amendment or the date of filing of such supplement or other document with the Commission, as the case may be, in form and substance satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, of the same tenor as the letters referred to in Section 6(f) of this Agreement but modified to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter; provided that the obligation of the Company under this subsection (q) shall be deferred during any Suspension Period and shall recommence upon the termination of such Suspension Period; and provided, further, that the obligation of the Company under this subsection (q) shall be deferred until such time as the Company executes and delivers a Terms Agreement or Forward Placement Notice or such time as an Authorized Representative instructs any Manager to make a sale of Issuance Shares under this Agreement.

(r) That the Company acknowledges that each of the Managers, Forward Purchasers, and Forward Sellers may trade in Common Stock for such Manager, Forward Purchaser, or Forward Seller’s own account and for the account of its clients at the same time as sales of the Shares occur pursuant to this Agreement; provided, that such activity of the Managers, Forward Purchasers, or Forward Sellers is conducted in compliance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act.

(s) If, to the knowledge of the Company, any condition set forth in Section 6(a) or 6(j) hereof shall not have been satisfied on the applicable Settlement Date, to offer to any person who has agreed to purchase the Shares from the Company (in the case of Issuance Shares) or the Forward Seller (in the case of Forward Hedge Shares) as the result of an offer to purchase solicited by any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller the right to refuse to purchase and pay for such Shares.

(t) To disclose in its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and in its annual report on Form 10-K the number of the Shares sold through or to the Managers and by the Forward Sellers under this Agreement and the Net Proceeds to the Company in the case of any Issuance Shares sold under this Agreement, in each case, during the period covered by the report.

(u) At each Bring-Down Delivery Date, to conduct a due diligence session, in form and substance satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, which shall include representatives of the management and the Accountants of the Company; provided that the obligation of the Company under this subsection (u) shall be deferred during any Suspension Period and shall recommence upon the termination of such Suspension Period; and provided, further, that the obligation of the Company under this subsection (u) shall be deferred until such time as the Company executes and delivers a Terms Agreement or Forward Placement Notice or such time as an Authorized Representative instructs any Manager to make a sale of Issuance Shares under this Agreement.

(v) To ensure that prior to instructing any Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller to sell Shares, the Company shall have obtained all necessary corporate authorizations for the offer and sale of such Shares.

(w) If, immediately prior to the third anniversary of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, any of the Shares remain unsold hereunder, the Company will, prior to such third anniversary, file a new prospectus supplement (the “New Prospectus Supplement”) relating to the Shares to its subsequent registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Subsequent Registration Statement”), and will take all other reasonable actions necessary or appropriate to permit the offering and sale of the Shares to continue as contemplated in the expired registration statement relating to such Shares and this Agreement. Upon filing of the New Prospectus Supplement, except where the context otherwise requires, references herein to the “Registration Statement” shall be deemed to refer to the Subsequent Registration Statement, and references herein to the “Prospectus Supplement” shall be deemed to refer to the New Prospectus Supplement.

SECTION 5: Payment of Expenses. Except as otherwise agreed in writing among the Company and the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, the Company agrees with the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereunder are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, to pay all of the Company’s expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder, including, but not limited to, such costs, expenses, fees and taxes in connection with (i) the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, and the printing and furnishing of copies of each such document to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, (including costs of mailing and shipment), (ii) the registration, issue, sale and delivery of the Shares (including any stock or transfer taxes and stamp or similar duties payable upon the sale, issuance or delivery of any Issuance Shares but excluding any stock or transfer taxes and stamp or similar duties payable upon the sale or delivery of any Forward Hedge Shares), (iii) the producing, word processing and/or printing of this Agreement, any Powers of Attorney and any closing documents (including compilations thereof) and the reproduction and/or printing and furnishing of copies of each such document to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, (including costs of mailing and shipment), (iv) the qualification of the Shares for offering and sale under state laws and the determination of their eligibility for investment under state or foreign law as aforesaid and the printing and furnishing of copies of any blue sky surveys to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, (v) the listing of the Shares on the Nasdaq, (vi) any filing for review of the public offering of the Shares by FINRA, including the reasonable legal fees and disbursements of counsel for the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, relating to FINRA matters and (vii) the reasonable fees and disbursements of the Company’s counsel and of the Company’s Accountants. The Company further agrees with the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereunder are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, to pay all fees, costs and expenses of external counsel to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers. Each Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller will otherwise pay all of its out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred in connection with entering into this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including, without limitation, travel, reproduction, printing and similar expenses.

SECTION 6: Conditions of the Managers’, the Forward Purchasers’ and the Forward Sellers’ Obligations. The obligations of each Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller hereunder are subject to (i) the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company as of the Execution Time and each Representation Date, (ii) the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and (iii) to the following additional conditions precedent.

(a) (i) No stop order with respect to the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have been issued under the Act or proceedings initiated under Section 8(d) or 8(e) of the Act, and no order directed at or in relation to any document incorporated by reference therein and no order preventing or suspending the use of the Prospectus shall have been issued by the Commission, and no suspension of the qualification of the Shares for offer or sale in any jurisdiction, or to the knowledge of the Company or any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller no initiation or threatening in writing of any proceedings for any of such purposes or pursuant to Section 8A of the Act, shall have occurred; (ii) the Registration Statement and all amendments thereto shall not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; (iii) none of the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus, and no amendment or supplement thereto, shall include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; and (iv) no Prospectus and no amendment or supplement thereto, shall include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading.

(b) Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus, there shall not have been any Material Adverse Effect.

(c) On every date specified in Section 4(o) hereof, the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, shall have received an opinion and negative assurance letter of Company Counsel, in form and substance satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, dated as of such date.

(d) On every date specified in Section 4(o) hereof, the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers shall have received an opinion of Tax Counsel, in form and substance satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, dated as of such date.

(e) On every date specified in Section 4(o) hereof, the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers shall have received an opinion of In-House Counsel, in form and substance satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, dated as of such date.

(f) On every date specified in Section 4(q) hereof, the Managers, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller shall have received from the Accountants and each other accounting firm reasonably requested by the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, in each case in form and substance satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, a Comfort Letter, dated as of such date.

(g) On every date specified in Section 4(n) hereof, the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, shall have received a certificate to the effect that (i) the representations and warranties of the Company as set forth in this Agreement are true and correct as of the Bring-Down Delivery Date, (ii) the Company has performed its obligations under this Agreement that it is required to perform on or prior to such Bring-Down Delivery Date, and (iii) the conditions set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of Section 6 hereof have been met. The certificate shall also state that the Shares have been duly and validly authorized by the Company, that all corporate action required to be taken for the issuance and sale of the Issuance Shares has been validly and sufficiently taken, and that the Company’s Board of Directors or any other body with authority has not revoked, rescinded or otherwise modified or withdrawn such authorization.

(h) On every date specified in Section 4(p) hereof, the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, shall have received an opinion and negative assurance letter of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, or other counsel to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, in form and substance satisfactory to the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers, dated as of such date.

(i) All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Act to have been filed by any Settlement Date shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 424.

(j) The Shares shall have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq, subject only to notice of issuance at or prior to the Settlement Date.

SECTION 7: Indemnification and Contribution.

(a) The Company agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless each Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller its employees, agents, directors and officers, any person who controls such Manager, Forward Purchaser and/or Forward Seller within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act and any “affiliate” (within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Act) of such Manager, Forward Purchaser and/or Forward Seller that has, or is alleged to have, participated in the distribution of Shares, and the successors and assigns of all the foregoing persons, from and against any loss, damage, expense, liability or claim (including, without limitation, the reasonable cost of investigation and any legal fees and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with any suit, action, investigation or proceeding or any claim asserted), joint or several, which such Manager, Forward Purchaser and/or Forward Seller or any such person may incur under the Act, the Exchange Act, the common law or otherwise, insofar as such loss, damage, expense, liability or claim arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or in the Registration Statement as amended by any post-effective amendment thereof by the Company) or that arises out of or is based upon any omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, except insofar as any such loss, damage, expense, liability or claim arises out of or is based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in, and in conformity with information furnished in writing by or on behalf of such Manager, Forward Purchaser and/or Forward Seller to the Company expressly for use in, the Registration Statement or arises out of or is based upon any omission or alleged omission to state a material fact in the Registration Statement in connection with such information, which material fact was not contained in such information and which material fact was required to be stated in such Registration Statement or was necessary to make such information not misleading or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any Prospectus (the term Prospectus for the purpose of this Section 7 being deemed to include the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements to the foregoing), in any “issuer information” (as defined in Rule 433 under the Act) of the Company, in any road show as defined under Rule 433(h) under the Act (a “road show”) or in any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, or arises out of or is based upon any omission or alleged omission to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except, with respect to such Prospectus, insofar as any such loss, damage, expense, liability or claim arises out of or is based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in, and in conformity with information furnished in writing by or on behalf of such Manager, Forward Purchaser and/or Forward Seller to the Company expressly for use in, such Prospectus or arises out of or is based upon any omission or alleged omission to state a material fact in such Prospectus in connection with such information, which material fact was not contained in such information and which material fact was necessary in order to make the statements in such information, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

If any action, suit or proceeding (together, a “Proceeding”) is brought against any Manager, Forward Purchaser and/or Forward Seller or any such person in respect of which indemnity may be sought against the Company pursuant to the foregoing paragraph, such Manager, Forward Purchaser and/or Forward Seller or such person shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the institution of such Proceeding and the Company shall assume the defense of such Proceeding, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party and payment of all fees and expenses; provided, however, that the failure to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company from any liability which the Company may have to such Manager, Forward Purchaser and/or Forward Seller or any such person or otherwise except to the extent the Company did not otherwise learn of such Proceeding and such failure results in the forfeiture by the Company of substantial rights and defenses. The Manager, Forward Purchaser and/or Forward Seller or such person shall have the right to employ its or their own counsel in any such case, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Manager, Forward Purchaser and/or Forward Seller or of such person unless the employment of such counsel shall have been authorized in writing by the Company in connection with the defense of such Proceeding or the Company shall not have, within a reasonable period of time in light of the circumstances, employed counsel to have charge of the defense of such Proceeding or such indemnified party or parties shall have reasonably concluded that there may be defenses available to it or them which are different from, additional to or in conflict with those available to the Company (in which case the Company shall not have the right to direct the defense of such Proceeding on behalf of the indemnified party or parties), in any of which events such fees and expenses shall be borne by the Company, and paid as incurred (it being understood, however, that the Company shall not be liable for the expenses of more than one separate counsel (in addition to any local counsel) in any one Proceeding or series of related Proceedings in the same jurisdiction representing the indemnified parties who are parties to such Proceeding, except in the case of a conflict of interest among indemnified parties). The Company shall not be liable for any settlement of any Proceeding effected without its written consent but, if settled with the written consent of the Company, the Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the relevant Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller and any such person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested the Company to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by the second sentence of this paragraph, then the Company agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any Proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 60 business days after receipt by the Company of the aforesaid request, (ii) the Company shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement and (iii) such indemnified party shall have given the Company at least 30 days’ prior notice of its intention to settle. The Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened Proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or may be a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such Proceeding and does not include any statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act, by or on behalf of such indemnified party.

(b) Each Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller, severally and not jointly, agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its employees, agents, directors and each officer that signed the Registration Statement, each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, and the successors and assigns of all of the foregoing persons from and against any loss, damage, expense, liability or claim (including, without limitation, the reasonable cost of investigation and any legal fees and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with any suit, action, investigation or proceeding or any claim asserted), joint or several, which the Company or any such person may incur under the Act, the Exchange Act, the common law or otherwise, insofar as such loss, damage, expense, liability or claim arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller furnished in writing by or on behalf of such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller to the Company expressly for use with reference to such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller in the Registration Statement (or in the Registration Statement as amended by any post-effective amendment thereof by the Company), or arises out of or is based upon any omission or alleged omission to state a material fact in such Registration Statement in connection with such information, which material fact was not contained in such information and which material fact was required to be stated in such Registration Statement or was necessary to make such information not misleading or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller furnished in writing by or on behalf of such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller to the Company expressly for use with reference to such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller in the Prospectus, in any road show or in any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus or arises out of or is based upon any omission or alleged omission to state a material fact therein in connection with such information, which material fact was not contained in such information and which material fact was necessary in order to make the statements in such information, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges that the information contained under the heading “Plan of Distribution” in the Prospectus Supplement in the paragraph related to stabilizing transactions constitutes the only information furnished in writing by or on behalf of any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller for inclusion in any of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, a road show, or any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.

If any Proceeding is brought against the Company or any such person in respect of which indemnity may be sought against any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller pursuant to the foregoing paragraph, the Company or such person shall promptly notify such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller in writing of the institution of such Proceeding and such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller shall assume the defense of such Proceeding, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party and payment of all fees and expenses; provided, however, that the failure to so notify such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller, as applicable, shall not relieve such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller from any liability which such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller may have to the Company or any such person or otherwise except to the extent such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller did not otherwise learn of such Proceeding and such failure results in the forfeiture by such Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller of substantial rights and defenses. The Company or such person shall have the right to employ its own counsel in any such case, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of the Company or such person unless the employment of such counsel shall have been authorized in writing by the relevant Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller in connection with the defense of such Proceeding or such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller shall not have, within a reasonable period of time in light of the circumstances, employed counsel to have charge of the defense of such Proceeding or such indemnified party or parties shall have reasonably concluded that there may be defenses available to it or them which are different from or additional to or in conflict with those available to such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller (in which case such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller shall not have the right to direct the defense of such Proceeding on behalf of the indemnified party or parties, but such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller may employ counsel and participate in the defense thereof but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller), in any of which events such fees and expenses shall be borne by such Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller and paid as incurred (it being understood, however, that such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller shall not be liable for the expenses of more than one separate counsel (in addition to any local counsel) in any one Proceeding or series of related Proceedings in the same jurisdiction representing the indemnified parties who are parties to such Proceeding). The relevant Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller shall not be liable for any settlement of any such Proceeding effected without the written consent of such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller but, if settled with the written consent of such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller, such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and any such person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested the relevant Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by the second sentence of this paragraph, then such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any Proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 60 business days after receipt by such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller of the aforesaid request, (ii) such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement and (iii) such indemnified party shall have given such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller at least 30 days’ prior notice of its intention to settle. The relevant Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller shall not, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened Proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such Proceeding and does not include any statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act, by or on behalf of such indemnified party.

(c) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 7 is unavailable to an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) of this Section 7 or insufficient to hold an indemnified party harmless in respect of any losses, damages, expenses, liabilities or claims referred to therein, then the relevant indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, damages, expenses, liabilities or claims (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the relevant Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller on the other hand, from the offering of the Shares or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and of such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller, on the other, in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, damages, expenses, liabilities or claims, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, the Managers, the Forward Purchasers and the Forward Sellers shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as (a) in the case of the Company, the sum of (x) the Actual Sold Forward Amount for the relevant Forward under this Agreement, multiplied by the “Volume-Weighted Hedge Price” (as defined in the Master Forward Confirmation) for such Forward, and (y) the aggregate Sales Price for the relevant Issuance Shares sold by the Managers under this Agreement, (b) in the case of a Manager, the total commissions received from the sale of such Issuance Shares under this Agreement, (c) in the case of a Forward Seller, the Actual Sold Forward Amount for such Forward under this Agreement, multiplied by the Forward Hedge Selling Commission for such Forward, and (d) in the case of a Forward Purchaser, the net “Spread” (as such term is defined in the relevant Forward Contract and net of any related stock borrow costs or other costs or expenses actually incurred) multiplied by the Forward Hedge Amount for such Forward Contract executed in connection with this Agreement. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and of the relevant Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller, on the other, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission relates to information supplied by the Company or by such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses, damages, expenses, liabilities and claims referred to in this subsection (c) shall be deemed to include any legal or other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with investigating, preparing to defend or defending any Proceeding. For the avoidance of doubt, any obligations of the Managers, Forward Purchasers or Forward Sellers under this Section 7(c) shall be several, and not joint.

(d) The Company and each Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller agrees that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 7 were determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in subsection (c) above. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 7, (i) no Manager shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Issuance Shares sold by it were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages that such Manager has otherwise been required to pay, (ii) no Forward Seller shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the aggregate Forward Hedge Selling Commissions received by it under this Agreement and (iii) no Forward Purchaser shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the net “Spread” (as such term is defined in the relevant Forward Contract and net of any related stock borrow costs or other costs or expenses actually incurred) multiplied by the Forward Hedge Amount for all Forward Contracts executed in connection with this Agreement. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

(e) The Company and each Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller agrees promptly to notify each other of the commencement of any Proceeding against it and, in the case of the Company, against any of the Company’s officers or directors in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares, or in connection with the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus.

SECTION 8: Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section 7 hereof and the covenants, warranties and representations of the Company contained in this Agreement or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller, each of its respective employees, agents, directors or officers, any person (including each employee, agent, officer or director of such person) who controls such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, any “affiliate” (within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Act) of such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller that has, or is alleged to have, participated in the distribution of Shares or the successors and assigns of the foregoing, or by or on behalf of the Company, their directors or officers or any person who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, and shall survive any termination of this Agreement or the issuance and delivery of the Shares.

SECTION 9: Termination.

(a) The Company shall have the right, by giving written notice as hereinafter specified, to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that (i) with respect to any pending sale, through any Manager (in the case of Issuance Shares) for the Company or by any Forward Seller (in the case of Forward Hedge Shares), the obligations of the Company, including in respect of compensation of such Manager, shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding the termination and (ii) the provisions of Sections 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 17 and 19 hereof and the terms of any Terms Agreement shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

(b) Each Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller shall, as to itself, have the right, by giving written notice as hereinafter specified, to terminate its own obligations under this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time; provided, however, that this Agreement and the obligations hereunder will remain in full force and effect with respect to the Managers, Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers that have not so terminated their obligations. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Sections 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 17 and 19 hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

(c) This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Sections 9(a) or (b) above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties; provided that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that Sections 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 17 and 19 hereof shall remain in full force and effect.

(d) Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; provided that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by each other party hereto. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of the Shares, such sale shall settle in accordance with the provisions of Section 3(e) hereof or Section 3(f) hereof, as the case may be.

(e) Unless earlier terminated pursuant to this Section 9, this Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the issuance and sale of all of the Shares through any Manager or by any Forward Seller on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, except that Sections 3(b)(iii), 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 17 and 19 and shall remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 10: Notices. Except as otherwise herein provided, all statements, requests, notices and agreements under this Agreement shall be in writing and delivered by hand, overnight courier, mail or facsimile and, if to the Managers, Forward Purchasers, or Forward Sellers, shall be delivered or sent to, as applicable, Barclays Capital Inc., 745 7th Avenue, New York, NY 10019, Attn: Syndicate Registration, fax: 646-834-8133; Barclays Bank PLC, c/o Barclays Capital Inc., 745 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019, Attention: Kevin Cheng; Telephone: (+1) 212-526-8627; Facsimile: (+1) 917-522-0458; Email: kevin.cheng@barclays.com; BTIG, LLC, 65 East 55th Street, New York, NY 10022; Jefferies LLC, 520 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10022, Attention: General Counsel, e-mail: SETGUS@jefferies.com and CorpEqDeriv@jefferies.com; Mizuho Securities USA LLC, 1271 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020, Attn: Stephen Roney, Ivana Rupcic-Hulin and Daniel Blake, e-mail: Derivs-EQNoticesUS@mizuhogroup.com, with a copy to: legalnotices@mizuhogroup.com; Mizuho Markets Americas LLC, c/o Mizuho Securities USA LLC, as agent, 1271 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020, Attention: US Equity Derivatives Notices, Telephone: (646) 949-9531, Email: Derivs-EQNoticesUS@mizuhogroup.com; MUFG Securities Americas Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10020, Attn: Capital Markets, e-mail: FLOEStransactions@us.sc.mufg.jp and ECM@us.sc.mufg.jp; RBC Capital Markets, LLC, 200 Vesey Street, New York, NY 10281, Attn: TJ Opladen, e-mail: RBCECMCorporateEquityLinkedDocumentation@rbc.com; Royal Bank of Canada; 200 Vesey Street, New York, NY 10281; Scotia Capital (USA) Inc., 250 Vesey Street, 24th Floor, New York, New York 10281, Attention: Equity Capital Markets, e-mail: us.ecm@scotiabank.com and us.legal@scotiabank.com; The Bank of Nova Scotia, 44 King Street West Toronto, Ontario Canada M5H 1H1; TD Securities (USA) LLC, 1 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017, Attn: Equity Capital Markets, e-mail: TDS_ATM@tdsecurities.com; and The Toronto-Dominion Bank c/o TD Securities (USA) LLC, 1 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017, Attn: Global Equity Derivatives Email: tdusa-gedusinvestorsolutionssales@tdsecurities.com TDS_ATM@tdsecurities.com; and, if sent to the Company, shall be telefaxed to the Chief Legal Officer, (650) 598-6913, and confirmed to it at One Lagoon Drive, Redwood City, California 94065, Attention: the Legal Department. Each party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose.

SECTION 11: Parties at Interest. The Agreement herein set forth has been and is made solely for the benefit of the Company, the Managers, Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers and, to the extent provided in Section 7 hereof, the other indemnified parties referred to in such section, and their respective successors, assigns, heirs, personal representatives and executors and administrators. No other person, partnership, association or corporation (including a purchaser, as such purchaser, through or from any Manager or Forward Seller) shall acquire or have any right under or by virtue of this Agreement.

SECTION 12: No Fiduciary Relationship. The Company hereby acknowledges that (x) each Manager is acting solely as sales agent and/or principal in connection with the purchase and sale of the Issuance Shares, (y) each Forward Seller is acting only as forward seller and agent for its affiliated Forward Purchaser in connection with the offer and sale of any Forward Hedge Shares and (z) each Forward Purchaser is acting solely as counterparty under the relevant Forward Contract. The Company further acknowledges that each Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller is acting pursuant to a contractual relationship created solely by this Agreement or the Forward Contract, as the case may be, entered into on an arm’s length basis, and, in no event, do the parties intend that any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller act or be responsible as a fiduciary to the Company or its management, shareholders or creditors or any other person in connection with any activity that any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller may undertake or have undertaken in furtherance of the purchase and sale of the Company’s securities, either before or after the date hereof. Each Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller hereby expressly disclaims any fiduciary or similar obligations to the Company, either in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any matters leading up to such transactions, and the Company hereby confirms its understanding and agreement to that effect. The Company and each Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller agrees that the Company is responsible for making its own independent judgments with respect to any such transactions and that any opinions or views expressed by any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller to the Company regarding such transactions, including, but not limited to, any opinions or views with respect to the price or market for the Company’s securities, do not constitute advice or recommendations to or solicitation of any action by any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller with respect to the Company or any other entity or natural person. The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller with respect to any breach or alleged breach of any fiduciary or similar duty to the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any matters leading up to such transactions.

SECTION 13: Press Releases and Disclosure. The Company may issue a press release in compliance with Rule 134 under the Act describing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby as soon as practicable following the date hereof and may file with the Commission a Current Report on Form 8-K describing the material terms of the transaction contemplated hereby, and the Company shall consult with the Managers, Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers prior to making such disclosures, and the parties shall use commercially reasonable efforts, acting in good faith, to agree upon the text of such disclosure that is reasonably satisfactory to all parties.

SECTION 14: Adjustments for Stock Splits. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted to take into account any stock split effected with respect to the Shares.

SECTION 15: Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with any Terms Agreement, constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof.

SECTION 16: Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed by the parties in one or more counterparts which together shall constitute one and the same agreement among the parties. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including via www.docusign.com and any other electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.

SECTION 17: Law; Construction. This Agreement and any claim, counterclaim or dispute of any kind or nature whatsoever arising out of or in any way relating to this Agreement, directly or indirectly, shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York.

SECTION 18: Headings. The Section headings in this Agreement have been inserted as a matter of convenience of reference and are not a part of this Agreement.

SECTION 19: Submission to Jurisdiction. Except as set forth below, no claim, proceeding, counterclaim or other action related to or arising out of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby (each, a “Claim”) may be commenced, prosecuted or continued in any court other than the courts of the State of New York located in the City and County of New York, Borough of Manhattan, or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, which courts shall have jurisdiction over the adjudication of such matters, and the Company consents to the jurisdiction of such courts and personal service with respect thereto. The Company hereby consents to personal jurisdiction, service and venue in any court in which any Claim is brought by any third party against any Manager, Forward Purchaser, Forward Seller or any indemnified party. Each of the Managers, Forward Purchasers, Forward Sellers and the Company (on its behalf and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, on behalf of its shareholders and affiliates) waives all right to trial by jury in any Claim (whether based upon contract, tort or otherwise). The Company agrees that a final judgment in any Claim brought in any such court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Company and may be enforced in any other courts to the jurisdiction of which the Company is or may be subject, by suit upon such judgment.

SECTION 20: Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Company and each Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller and their respective successors and assigns and any successor or assign of all or substantially all of the Company’s or such Manager’s respective businesses and/or assets.

SECTION 21: Miscellaneous. Securities sold, offered or recommended by any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller are not deposits, are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, are not guaranteed by a branch or agency, and are not otherwise an obligation or responsibility of a branch or agency. Lending affiliates of any Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller have or may in the future have lending relationships with issuers of securities underwritten or privately placed by such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller. Prospectuses and other disclosure documents for securities underwritten or privately placed by any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller may disclose the existence of any such lending relationships and whether the proceeds of the issue may be used to repay debts owed to affiliates of such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller.

SECTION 22: Compliance with USA Patriot Act. In accordance with the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107- 56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)), the Managers, Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers are required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies their respective clients, including the Company, which information may include the name and address of their respective clients, as well as other information that will allow the Managers, Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers to properly identify their respective clients.

SECTION 23: Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes.

(i) In the event that any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

(ii) In the event that any Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller that is a Covered Entity or any BHC Act Affiliate of such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Manager, Forward Purchaser or Forward Seller are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

As used in this Section 23:

“BHC Act Affiliate” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k).

“Covered Entity” means any of the following:

(i) a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b);

(ii) a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or

(iii) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b).

“Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable.

“U.S. Special Resolution Regime” means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

[Signature Pages Follow]

If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Company and the Managers, Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this Agreement and your acceptance shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and the Managers, Forward Purchasers and Forward Sellers.

[Signature Page – Equity Distribution Agreement]

ACCEPTED as of the date first above written

BARCLAYS CAPITAL INC.
As Manager and Forward Seller,

BARCLAYS BANK PLC
As Forward Purchaser,

ACCEPTED as of the date first above written

BTIG, LLC
As Manager,

ACCEPTED as of the date first above written

JEFFERIES LLC
As Manager, Forward Purchaser and Forward Seller,

ACCEPTED as of the date first above written

MIZUHO SECURITIES USA LLC
As Manager and Forward Seller,

MIZUHO MARKETS AMERICAS LLC
As Forward Purchaser,

ACCEPTED as of the date first above written

MUFG SECURITIES AMERICAS INC.
As Manager,

ACCEPTED as of the date first above written

RBC CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
As Manager and Forward Seller,

ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
As Forward Purchaser,

ACCEPTED as of the date first above written

SCOTIA CAPITAL (USA) INC.
As Manager and Forward Seller,

THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA
As Forward Purchaser,

ACCEPTED as of the date first above written

TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC
As Manager and Forward Seller,

THE TORONTO-DOMINION BANK
As Forward Purchaser,

Schedule A

Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses

None.

Schedule B

Authorized Representatives

Adaire Fox-Martin

Keith Taylor

Katrina Rymill

Daniel Buza

Amit Khemka

Nicholas Chan

David Noland

Han Chen

Kyle Roux

Exhibit 3(a)(i)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the Equity Distribution Agreement among Equinix, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”); Barclays Capital Inc. (“Barclays”), BTIG, LLC, Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”), Mizuho Securities USA LLC (“Mizuho”), MUFG Securities Americas Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC”), Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. (“Scotia”) and TD Securities (USA) LLC (“TD”), as Managers; Barclays Bank PLC, Jefferies, Mizuho Markets Americas LLC, Royal Bank of Canada, The Bank of Nova Scotia and The Toronto-Dominion Bank, as Forward Purchasers; and Barclays, Jefferies, Mizuho, RBC, Scotia and TD, as Forward Sellers, dated October 1, 2024 (the “Agreement”), I hereby request on behalf of the Company that [●] sell up to [●] shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 (the “Shares”) at a minimum market price of $[●] per Share between [ ], 20[ ] and [ ], 20[ ]. [There shall be no limitation on the number of Shares that may be sold on any one (1) day.][No more than [●] Shares may be sold on any one (1) day.] [Other sales parameters]

Exhibit B

FORM OF FORWARD PLACEMENT NOTICE

[Date]

[Forward Purchaser]
[Address]

Attention: [●]

[Forward Seller]
[Address]

Attention: [●]

Reference is made to the Equity Distribution Agreement, dated as of October 1, 2024 (the “Sales Agreement”), among Equinix, Inc. (the “Company”); Barclays Capital Inc. (“Barclays”), BTIG, LLC, Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”), Mizuho Securities USA LLC (“Mizuho”), MUFG Securities Americas Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“RBC”), Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. (“Scotia”) and TD Securities (USA) LLC (“TD”), as Managers; Barclays Bank PLC, Jefferies, Mizuho Markets Americas LLC, Royal Bank of Canada, The Bank of Nova Scotia and The Toronto-Dominion Bank, as Forward Purchasers; and Barclays, Jefferies, Mizuho, RBC, Scotia and TD, as Forward Sellers. Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the respective meanings assigned thereto in the Sales Agreement. This Forward Placement Notice relates to a “Forward”. The Company confirms that all conditions to the delivery of this Forward Placement Notice are satisfied as of the date hereof.

The Company confirms that it has not declared and will not declare any dividend, or caused or cause there to be any distribution, on the Common Stock if the ex-dividend date or ex-date, as applicable, for such dividend or distribution will occur during the period from, but excluding, the first scheduled Trading Day of the related Forward Hedge Selling Period to, and including, the last scheduled Trading Day of such Forward Hedge Selling Period.

Number of Scheduled Trading Days in Forward Hedge Selling Period:

First Date of Forward Hedge Selling Period:

Last Date of Forward Hedge Selling Period:

Forward Hedge Amount: $

Forward Hedge Selling Commission Rate: %

Spread: %

Specified Borrow Rate: basis points

Maximum Specified Borrow Rate: basis points

Notice Settlement Number:

Minimum price: $ per share

Comments:

Exhibit C

FORM OF MASTER FORWARD CONFIRMATION

October 1, 2024

¹ Insert for Barclays.

² Insert for Jefferies.

³ Insert for Mizuho.

⁴ Insert for RBC.

⁵ Insert for Scotia.

⁶ Insert for TD. 

The purpose of this letter agreement (this “Master Forward Confirmation”) is to confirm the terms and conditions of certain transactions to be entered into from time to time between Party A and Party B in accordance with the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement, dated as of October 1, 2024, among Party B; Barclays Capital Inc., BTIG, LLC, Jefferies LLC, Mizuho Securities USA LLC, MUFG Securities Americas Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. and TD Securities (USA) LLC, as Managers; Barclays Bank PLC, Jefferies LLC, Mizuho Markets Americas LLC, Royal Bank of Canada, The Bank of Nova Scotia and The Toronto-Dominion Bank, as Forward Purchasers; and Barclays Capital Inc., Jefferies LLC, Mizuho Securities USA LLC, RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. and TD Securities (USA) LLC, as Forward Sellers (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”), on one or more Trade Dates specified herein (collectively, the “Transactions” and each, a “Transaction”). This letter agreement constitutes a “Master Forward Confirmation” as referred to in the Equity Distribution Agreement. Each Transaction will be evidenced by a supplemental confirmation (each, a “Supplemental Confirmation,” and each such Supplemental Confirmation, together with this Master Forward Confirmation, a “Confirmation” for purposes of the Agreement specified below) substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto. [Party A is not a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation. Party A is authorized by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority.]⁷ [Party A is acting as principal in each Transaction and Mizuho Securities USA LLC (“MSUSA”), its affiliate, is acting as agent for Party A and Party B in each Transaction. Each Supplemental Confirmation is a confirmation for purposes of Rule 10b-10 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Party A is not a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation.]⁸

Each Confirmation together with the Agreement shall evidence a complete and binding agreement between Party A and Party B as to the subject matter and terms of the Transaction to which such Confirmation relates, and shall supersede all prior or contemporaneous written or oral communications with respect thereto. Each Confirmation shall supplement, form a part of, and be subject to an agreement in the form of the 2002 ISDA Master Agreement (the “Agreement”) as if Party A and Party B had executed the Agreement in such form on the date hereof (but without any Schedule except for the election of the laws of the State of New York as the governing law). The parties hereby agree that no transaction other than the Transactions to which this Master Forward Confirmation, together with each Supplemental Confirmation hereunder, relate shall be governed by the Agreement. For purposes of the 2002 Definitions, each Transaction shall be a Share Forward Transaction.

Party A and Party B each represents to the other, with respect to each Transaction hereunder, that it has entered into such Transaction in reliance upon such tax, accounting, regulatory, legal, and financial advice as it deems necessary and not upon any view expressed by the other.

⁷ Insert for Barclays.

⁸ Insert for Mizuho.

⁹ Insert for Barclays.

¹⁰ Insert for Jefferies.

¹¹ Insert for Mizuho.

¹² Insert for RBC.

¹³ Insert for Scotia.

¹⁴ Insert for TD.

The Office of Party A for each Transaction is:

[Inapplicable, Party A is not a Multibranch Party]¹⁵ [New York]¹⁶ [New York]¹⁷ [Toronto]¹⁸ [Toronto]¹⁹ [Toronto. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for U.S. federal income tax purposes and for purposes of the Tax Representations herein, the Office of Party A for each Transaction is its New York Office.]²⁰

The Office of Party B for each Transaction is: Inapplicable, Party B is not a Multibranch Party.  

Opinion:

For each Transaction, Party B shall deliver to Party A an opinion of counsel, dated as of the Effective Date for such Transaction, with respect to the matters set forth in Section 3(a) of the Agreement (subject to customary exceptions, limitations, qualifications and assumptions reasonably acceptable to Party A). Delivery of such opinion to Party A shall be a condition precedent for the purpose of Section 2(a)(iii) of the Agreement with respect to each obligation of Party A under Section 2(a)(i) of the Agreement.

Conditions to Effectiveness:

The effectiveness of each Supplemental Confirmation and the related Transaction on the Effective Date for such Transaction shall be subject to (i) the satisfaction of all of the conditions set forth in Section 5 of the Equity Distribution Agreement and (ii) that neither of the following has occurred: (A) Party A (or its affiliate) is unable to borrow and deliver for sale a number of Shares equal to the Base Amount for such Transaction or (B) in the Calculation Agent’s good faith, commercially reasonable judgment, Party A (or its affiliate) would incur a Stock Loan Fee of more than the Specified Borrow Rate for such Transaction to borrow and deliver for sale a number of Shares equal to the Base Amount for such Transaction (in which event such Supplemental Confirmation and the related Transaction shall be effective but the Base Amount for such Transaction shall be the number of Shares Party A (or an affiliate thereof) is able to borrow at or below such cost).

¹⁵ Insert for Barclays.

¹⁶ Insert for Jefferies.

¹⁷ Insert for Mizuho. 18 Insert for RBC.

¹⁹ Insert for Scotia.

²⁰ Insert for TD.

Representations and Agreements of Party B:

Party B (i) has such knowledge and experience in financial and business affairs as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of entering into any Transaction hereunder; (ii) has consulted with its own legal, financial, accounting and tax advisors in connection with each Transaction hereunder; and (iii) is entering into each Transaction hereunder for a bona fide business purpose.

Party B is not and has not been the subject of any civil proceeding of a judicial or administrative body of competent jurisdiction that could reasonably be expected to impair materially Party B’s ability to perform its obligations hereunder.

Party B will by the next succeeding New York Business Day notify Party A upon obtaining knowledge of the occurrence of any event that would constitute an Event of Default or a Potential Adjustment Event.

[Party B represents that the person(s) executing this document are duly authorized to act on behalf of Party B in connection with the entry of each Transaction.]²¹

Additional Representations, Warranties and Agreements of Party B: Party B hereby represents and warrants to, and agrees with, Party A as of the date hereof, on each “Forward Date” (as defined in the Equity Distribution Agreement) for any Transaction hereunder, on each “Forward Hedge Settlement Date” (as defined in the Equity Distribution Agreement) for any Transaction hereunder and on each Trade Date for any Transaction hereunder that:

²¹ Insert for RBC.

Covenant of Party B:

Subject to the provisions of “Private Placement Procedures” below, the parties acknowledge and agree that any Shares delivered by Party B to Party A on any Settlement Date for a Transaction hereunder will be newly issued Shares and when delivered by Party A (or an affiliate of Party A) to securities lenders from whom Party A (or an affiliate of Party A) borrowed Shares in connection with hedging its exposure to such Transaction will be freely saleable without further registration or other restrictions under the Securities Act, in the hands of those securities lenders, irrespective of whether such stock loan is effected by Party A or an affiliate of Party A. Accordingly, subject to the provisions of “Private Placement Procedures” below, Party B agrees that the Shares that it delivers to Party A on each Settlement Date for a Transaction hereunder will not bear a restrictive legend and that such Shares will be deposited in, and the delivery thereof shall be effected through the facilities of, the Clearance System.

Covenants of Party A:

Insolvency Filing:

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, in any Supplemental Confirmation, in the Agreement or in the Definitions, upon any Insolvency Filing in respect of the Issuer, each Transaction hereunder shall automatically terminate on the date thereof without further liability of either party to this Master Forward Confirmation or any related Supplemental Confirmation to the other party (except for any liability in respect of any breach of representation or covenant by a party under this Master Forward Confirmation or any Supplemental Confirmation prior to the date of such Insolvency Filing).

Extraordinary Dividends:

If an ex-dividend date for an Extraordinary Dividend occurs on or after the first day of the Forward Hedge Selling Period (as defined in the Equity Distribution Agreement) for any Transaction and prior to the Maturity Date for such Transaction (or, if later, prior to the last date on which Shares are delivered by Party B to Party A in settlement of such Transaction), Party B shall pay to Party A, on the earlier of (i) the date on which such Extraordinary Dividend is paid by the Issuer to holders of record of the Shares and (ii) the Maturity Date for such Transaction, an amount in cash equal to the product of (1) the per Share amount of such Extraordinary Dividend and (2) the Base Amount for such Transaction as of the record date of such Extraordinary Dividend. “Extraordinary Dividend” means any cash dividend or distribution, or a portion thereof, declared by the Issuer with respect to the Shares that is specified by the board of directors of the Issuer as an “extraordinary” dividend.

Acceleration Events:

The following events shall each constitute an “Acceleration Event” with respect to any Transaction:

The “Maximum Specified Borrow Rate” for any Transaction shall be the per annum rate set forth in the Supplemental Confirmation for such Transaction.

The “Share Amount” as of any day is the number of Shares that Party A and any person whose ownership position would be aggregated with that of Party A, including any “group” (within the meaning of Section 13 of the Exchange Act) of which Party A is or may be deemed to be a part (Party A or any such person, a “Party A Person”) under any law, rule, regulation, regulatory order or organizational documents or contracts of Party B that are, in each case, applicable to ownership of Shares (“Applicable Restrictions”), owns, beneficially owns, constructively owns, controls, holds the power to vote or otherwise meets a relevant definition of ownership of under any Applicable Restriction, as determined by Party A in its reasonable discretion. The “Post-Effective Limit” means a number of Shares equal to (x) the minimum number of Shares that could reasonably be expected to give rise to reporting or registration obligations or other requirements (including obtaining prior approval from any person or entity) of a Party A Person, or could reasonably be expected to result in an adverse effect on a Party A Person, under any Applicable Restriction, as determined by Party A in its reasonable discretion, minus (y) 1% of the number of Shares outstanding.

Termination Settlement:

Upon the occurrence of any Acceleration Event in respect of any Transaction, Party A shall have the right to designate, upon at least one Scheduled Trading Day’s notice, any Scheduled Trading Day following such occurrence to be a Settlement Date under such Transaction (a “Termination Settlement Date”) to which Physical Settlement shall apply, and to select the number of Settlement Shares relating to such Termination Settlement Date; provided that (i) in the case of an Acceleration Event arising out of an Ownership Event, the number of Settlement Shares for the relevant Transaction so designated by Party A shall not exceed the number of Shares necessary to reduce the Share Amount to the Post-Effective Limit and (ii) in the case of an Acceleration Event arising out of a Stock Borrow Event the number of Settlement Shares for the relevant Transaction so designated by Party A shall not exceed the number of Shares as to which such Stock Borrow Event exists. If, upon designation of a Termination Settlement Date by Party A pursuant to the preceding sentence, Party B fails to deliver the Settlement Shares relating to such Termination Settlement Date when due or otherwise fails to perform obligations within its control in respect of the relevant Transaction, it shall be an Event of Default with respect to Party B and Section 6 of the Agreement shall apply. If an Acceleration Event occurs during an Unwind Period for any Transaction relating to a number of Settlement Shares for the relevant Transaction to which Cash Settlement or Net Share Settlement applies, then on the Termination Settlement Date relating to such Acceleration Event, notwithstanding any election to the contrary by Party B, Cash Settlement or Net Share Settlement shall apply to the portion of such Settlement Shares relating to such Unwind Period as to which Party A has unwound its hedge and Physical Settlement shall apply in respect of (x) the remainder (if any) of such Settlement Shares and (y) the Settlement Shares designated by Party A in respect of such Termination Settlement Date. Under no circumstances will Party A be entitled to an adjustment to the terms of any Transaction for the effects of an Extraordinary Dividend (other than as set forth above under the heading “Extraordinary Dividends”) or a change in expected dividends. For the avoidance of doubt, the immediately preceding sentence shall not preclude or otherwise limit Party A from exercising its “Termination Settlement” rights pursuant to this paragraph upon the occurrence of an Acceleration Event as set forth in clause (b) of such definition.

Private Placement Procedures:

If Party B is unable to comply with the provisions of “Covenant of Party B” above because of a change in law or a change in the policy of the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff, or Party A otherwise determines that in its reasonable opinion, based on the advice of counsel, any Settlement Shares to be delivered to Party A by Party B may not be freely returned by Party A or its affiliates to securities lenders as described under “Covenant of Party B” above, then delivery of any such Settlement Shares (the “Restricted Shares”) shall be effected pursuant to Annex A hereto, unless waived by Party A.

Rule 10b5-1:

It is the intent of Party A and Party B that following any election of Cash Settlement or Net Share Settlement by Party B, the purchase of Shares by Party A during any Unwind Period comply with the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c)(1)(i)(B) of the Exchange Act and that this Master Forward Confirmation and each Supplemental Confirmation shall be interpreted to comply with the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c).

Party B acknowledges that (i) during any Unwind Period, Party B does not have, and shall not attempt to exercise, any influence over how, when or whether to effect purchases of Shares by Party A (or its agent or affiliate) in connection with this Master Forward Confirmation or any Supplemental Confirmation and (ii) Party B is entering into the Agreement, this Master Forward Confirmation and each Supplemental Confirmation in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade compliance with federal securities laws including, without limitation, Rule 10b-5 promulgated under the Exchange Act.

Party B hereby agrees with Party A that, during any Unwind Period, Party B shall not communicate, directly or indirectly, any Material Non-Public Information (as defined herein) to any employee of Party A other than any Permitted EDG Personnel (as defined below). For purposes of each Transaction, “Material Non-Public Information” means information relating to Party B or the Shares that (a) has not been widely disseminated by wire service, in one or more newspapers of general circulation, by communication from Party B to its shareholders or in a press release, or contained in a public filing made by Party B with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or otherwise disseminated in a manner constituting “public disclosure” within the meaning of Regulation FD under the Exchange Act and (b) a reasonable investor might consider to be of importance in making an investment decision to buy, sell or hold Shares. For the avoidance of doubt and solely by way of illustration, information should be presumed “material” if it relates to such matters as dividend increases or decreases, earnings estimates, changes in previously released earnings estimates, significant expansion or curtailment of operations, a significant increase or decline of customers, significant merger or acquisition proposals or agreements, significant new supply shortages or disruptions, extraordinary borrowing, major litigation, liquidity problems, extraordinary management developments, purchase or sale of substantial assets, or other similar information. For purposes of each Transaction, “Permitted EDG Personnel” means [Party A To Provide].

Maximum Share Delivery:

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Master Forward Confirmation or any Supplemental Confirmation hereunder to the contrary, in no event shall Party B be required to deliver to Party A in respect of any Transaction hereunder, whether pursuant to Physical Settlement, Net Share Settlement, Termination Settlement, any Private Placement Settlement or otherwise, an aggregate number of Shares in excess of the Forward Share Number for such Transaction. The “Forward Share Number” for any Transaction shall be as set forth in the Supplemental Confirmation for such Transaction. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Forward Share Number for any Transaction shall not be subject to adjustment except in connection with a Potential Adjustment Event that is within the control of Party B.

Transfer and Assignment:

Party A may transfer or assign its rights and obligations hereunder and under the Agreement, in whole or in part, to any of its Affiliates of equivalent credit quality (or whose obligations are guaranteed by an entity of equivalent credit quality) without the prior written consent of Party B; provided that such transfer and/or assignment shall be permitted only so long as (i) an Event of Default or Termination Event will not occur as a result of such transfer or assignment, (ii) such Affiliate is (A) a “United States person” (a “U.S. Person”) within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), for U.S. federal income tax purposes or (B) not a U.S. Person and each payment that will be received by it under the Agreement will be treated as effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business within the United States within the meaning of Section 864(c) of the Code (a “Non-U.S. ECI Entity”), (iii) as a result of such transfer or assignment (x) Party B will not be required to pay or deliver to the transferee on any payment date or delivery date an amount (including, without limitation, under Section 2(d)(i)(4) of the Agreement) or a number of Shares, as applicable, greater than the amount or the number of Shares, respectively, that Party B would have been required to pay or deliver to Party A in the absence of such transfer and assignment and (y) Party B will not be entitled to receive from the transferee on any payment date or delivery date an amount (including, without limitation, under Section 2(d)(i)(4) of the Agreement) or a number of Shares, as applicable, lesser than the amount or the number of Shares, respectively, that Party A would have been required to pay or deliver, as the case may be, to Party B in the absence of such transfer and assignment, and (iv) the transferee provides the tax documentation and makes the tax representations of Party A specified in Section 4 under the heading “Tax Matters” on or prior to such transfer. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Master Forward Confirmation to the contrary requiring or allowing Party A to purchase, sell, receive or deliver any Shares or other securities to or from Party B, Party A may designate any of its affiliates that is a U.S. Person for U.S. federal income tax purposes or a Non-U.S. ECI Entity to purchase, sell, receive or deliver such Shares or other securities and otherwise to perform Party A’s obligations in respect of any Transaction and any such designee may assume such obligations. Party A shall be discharged of its obligations to Party B only to the extent of any such performance.

Indemnity:

Party B agrees to indemnify Party A and its affiliates and their respective directors, officers, agents and controlling parties (Party A and each such affiliate or person being an “Indemnified Party”) from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities, joint and several, incurred by or asserted against such Indemnified Party arising out of, in connection with, or relating to, any breach of any covenant or representation made by Party B in this Master Forward Confirmation, any Supplemental Confirmation or the Agreement and will reimburse any Indemnified Party for all reasonable expenses (including reasonable legal fees and expenses) as they are incurred in connection with the investigation of, preparation for, or defense of any pending or threatened claim or any action or proceeding arising therefrom, whether or not such Indemnified Party is a party thereto. Party B will not be liable under this Indemnity paragraph to the extent that any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense is found in a final and nonappealable judgment by a court to have resulted from Party A’s gross negligence or willful misconduct.

Notice:

The Agreement is further supplemented by the following provisions:

No Collateral or Setoff:

Notwithstanding Section 6(f) or any other provision of the Agreement or any other agreement between the parties to the contrary, the obligations of Party B under the Transactions are not secured by any collateral. Obligations under the Transactions shall not be set off against any other obligations of the parties, whether arising under the Agreement, under this Master Forward Confirmation, under any Supplemental Confirmation, under any other agreement between the parties hereto, by operation of law or otherwise, and no other obligations of the parties shall be set off against obligations under any Transaction, whether arising under the Agreement, under this Master Forward Confirmation, under any Supplemental Confirmation, under any other agreement between the parties hereto, by operation of law or otherwise, and each party hereby waives any such right of setoff. In calculating any amounts under Section 6(e) of the Agreement with respect to any Transaction, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Agreement, (a) separate amounts shall be calculated as set forth in such Section 6(e) with respect to (i) such Transaction and (ii) all other Transactions and (b) such separate amounts shall be payable pursuant to Section 6(d)(ii) of the Agreement.

Status of Claims in Bankruptcy:

Party A acknowledges and agrees that neither this Master Forward Confirmation nor any Supplemental Confirmation is intended to convey to Party A rights with respect to the Transactions contemplated hereby that are senior to the claims of common stockholders in any U.S. bankruptcy proceedings of Party B; provided, however, that nothing herein shall limit or shall be deemed to limit Party A’s right to pursue remedies in the event of a breach by Party B of its obligations and agreements with respect to this Master Forward Confirmation, any Supplemental Confirmation and the Agreement; and provided further, that nothing herein shall limit or shall be deemed to limit Party A’s rights in respect of any transaction other than the Transactions.

Limit on Beneficial Ownership:

Notwithstanding any other provisions hereof, Party A shall not be entitled to take delivery of any Shares deliverable hereunder in respect of any Transaction (in each case, whether in connection with the purchase of Shares on any Settlement Date or any Termination Settlement Date, any Private Placement Settlement or otherwise) to the extent (but only to the extent) that, after such receipt of any Shares hereunder, (i) the Share Amount would exceed the Post-Effective Limit for such Transaction, (ii) the Section 16 Percentage would exceed 9.0 % or (iii) such delivery would result in a violation of any restriction on ownership or transfer set forth in Article XI of the Charter (the “Counterparty Stock Ownership Restrictions”). Any purported delivery hereunder in respect of any Transaction shall be void and have no effect to the extent (but only to the extent) that, after such delivery, (i) the Share Amount would exceed the Post-Effective Limit for such Transaction, (ii) the Section 16 Percentage would exceed 9.0 % or (iii) such delivery would result in a violation of the Counterparty Stock Ownership Restrictions. If any delivery owed to Party A hereunder in respect of any Transaction is not made, in whole or in part, as a result of this provision, Party B’s obligation to make such delivery shall not be extinguished and Party B shall make such delivery as promptly as practicable after, but in no event later than one Exchange Business Day after, Party A gives notice to Party B that, after such delivery, (i) the Share Amount would not exceed the Post-Effective Limit for such Transaction, (ii) the Section 16 Percentage would not exceed 9.0% and (iii) such delivery would not result in a violation of the Counterparty Stock Ownership Restrictions. The “Section 16 Percentage” as of any day is the fraction, expressed as a percentage, (A) the numerator of which is the number of Shares that Party A and any of its affiliates or any other person subject to aggregation with Party A for purposes of the “beneficial ownership” test under Section 13 of the Exchange Act, or any “group” (within the meaning of Section 13 of the Exchange Act) of which Party A is or may be deemed to be a part beneficially owns (within the meaning of Section 13 of the Exchange Act), without duplication, on such day (or, to the extent that for any reason the equivalent calculation under Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder results in a higher number, such higher number) and (B) the denominator of which is the number of Shares outstanding on such day.

Other Forward Transactions:

Party A acknowledges that Party B has entered into or may enter in the future into one or more substantially identical forward transactions on the Shares (each, an “Other Forward” and, collectively, the “Other Forwards”) with one or more other forward purchasers. Party A and Party B agree that if Party B designates a “Settlement Date” (or equivalent concept) with respect to one or more Other Forwards for which “Cash Settlement” (or equivalent concept) or “Net Share Settlement” (or equivalent concept) is applicable, and the resulting “Unwind Period” (or equivalent concept) for such Other Forward(s) coincides for any period of time with an Unwind Period for any Transaction hereunder (the “Overlap Unwind Period”), Party B shall notify Party A at least one Scheduled Trading Day prior to the commencement of such Overlap Unwind Period of the first Scheduled Trading Day and the length of such Overlap Unwind Period, and Party A shall be permitted to purchase Shares to unwind its hedge in respect of such Transaction only on alternating Scheduled Trading Days during such Overlap Unwind Period, as notified to Party A by Party B at least one Scheduled Trading Day prior to the commencement of such Overlap Unwind Period (which alternating Scheduled Trading Days, for the avoidance of doubt, shall be every other Scheduled Trading Day if there is only one Other Forward, every third Scheduled Trading Day if there are two Other Forwards, etc.).

New York General Obligations Law:

Party B and Party A agree and acknowledge that: (A) the Transactions contemplated by this Master Forward Confirmation will be entered into in reliance on the fact that this Master Forward Confirmation and each Supplemental Confirmation hereto form a single agreement between Party B and Party A, and Party A would not otherwise enter into such Transactions; (B) this Master Forward Confirmation, together with each Supplemental Confirmation hereto, is a “qualified financial contract”, as such term is defined in Section 5-701(b)(2) of the New York General Obligations Law; (C) each Supplemental Confirmation hereto, regardless of whether transmitted electronically or otherwise, constitutes a “confirmation in writing sufficient to indicate that a contract has been made between the parties” hereto, as set forth in Section 5-701(b)(3)(b) of the New York General Obligations Law; and (D) this Master Forward Confirmation and each Supplemental Confirmation hereto constitute a prior “written contract”, as set forth in Section 5-701(b)(1)(b) of the New York General Obligations Law, and each party hereto intends and agrees to be bound by this Master Forward Confirmation and such Supplemental Confirmation.

Forward Placement Notices:

Party B and Party A agree that, upon the effectiveness of any accepted Forward Placement Notice relating to a Forward (as such term is defined in the Equity Distribution Agreement), in respect of the Transaction to which such accepted Forward Placement Notice relates, each of the representations, warranties, covenants, agreements and other provisions of this Master Forward Confirmation and the Supplemental Confirmation for such Transaction (including, without limitation, the provisions above in Section 3 of this Master Forward Confirmation under the heading “Extraordinary Dividends” and Party A’s right to designate a Termination Settlement Date in respect of such Transaction and the termination of such Transaction following an Insolvency Filing) shall govern, and be applicable to, such Transaction as of the first Trading Day of the Forward Hedge Selling Period for such Transaction as if the Trade Date for such Transaction were such first Trading Day. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Master Forward Confirmation, any Supplemental Confirmation, the Agreement, the 2002 Definitions or the 2000 Definitions, if Party A designates a Termination Settlement Date with respect to a Transaction (1) following the occurrence of any Acceleration Event, other than an Insolvency Filing, and such Termination Settlement Date is to occur before the date that is one Settlement Cycle after the last day of the Forward Hedge Selling Period for such Transaction or (2) prior to Party B’s execution of the Supplemental Confirmation relating to such Transaction, then, for purposes of such Termination Settlement Date, a Supplemental Confirmation relating to such Transaction reasonably completed by Party A (as if the Trade Date for such Transaction were the last day of the Forward Hedge Selling Period on which the Forward Seller sold Forward Hedge Shares for such Transaction) shall, notwithstanding the provisions under “Conditions to Effectiveness” above, be deemed to be immediately effective.

Wall Street Transparency and Accountability Act:

In connection with Section 739 of the Wall Street Transparency and Accountability Act of 2010 (the “WSTAA”), the parties hereby agree that neither the enactment of the WSTAA or any regulation under the WSTAA, nor any requirement under the WSTAA or an amendment made by the WSTAA, shall limit or otherwise impair either party’s otherwise applicable rights to terminate, renegotiate, modify, amend or supplement this Master Forward Confirmation, any Supplemental Confirmation or the Agreement, as applicable, arising from a termination event, force majeure, illegality, increased costs, regulatory change or similar event under this Master Forward Confirmation, any Supplemental Confirmation, the 2002 Definitions incorporated herein, or the Agreement (including, but not limited to, rights arising from any Acceleration Event or Illegality (as defined in the Agreement)).

Miscellaneous:

Address for notices or communications to Party A:

²² Insert for Barclays.

²³ Insert for Jefferies.

²⁴ Insert for Mizuho.

Address for notices or communications to Party B:

²⁵ Insert for RBC.

²⁶ Insert for Scotia.

²⁷ Insert for TD.

With a copy to:

Acknowledgements:

The parties hereto intend for:

Severability:

If any term, provision, covenant or condition of this Master Forward Confirmation or any Supplemental Confirmation, or the application thereof to any party or circumstance, shall be held to be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part for any reason, the remaining terms, provisions, covenants, and conditions hereof shall continue in full force and effect as if this Master Forward Confirmation and the related Supplemental Confirmation had been executed with the invalid or unenforceable provision eliminated, so long as this Master Forward Confirmation and such related Supplemental Confirmation as so modified continues to express, without material change, the original intentions of the parties as to the subject matter of this Master Forward Confirmation and such Supplemental Confirmation and the deletion of such portion of the Master Forward Confirmation and/or such Supplemental Confirmation will not substantially impair the respective benefits or expectations of parties to this Master Forward Confirmation and such Supplemental Confirmation; provided, however, that this severability provision shall not be applicable if any provision of Section 2, 5, 6 or 13 of the Agreement (or any definition or provision in Section 14 to the extent that it relates to, or is used in or in connection with any such Section) shall be so held to be invalid or unenforceable.

²⁸ Insert for Jefferies.

[U.S. Resolution Stay Protocol:

The parties agree that (i) to the extent that prior to the date hereof both parties have adhered to the 2018 ISDA U.S. Resolution Stay Protocol (the “Protocol”), the terms of the Protocol are incorporated into and form a part of the Agreement, and for such purposes the Agreement shall be deemed a Protocol Covered Agreement and each party shall be deemed to have the same status as Regulated Entity and/or Adhering Party as applicable to it under the Protocol; (ii) to the extent that prior to the date hereof the parties have executed a separate agreement the effect of which is to amend the qualified financial contracts between them to conform with the requirements of the QFC Stay Rules (the “Bilateral Agreement”), the terms of the Bilateral Agreement are incorporated into and form a part of the Agreement and each party shall be deemed to have the status of “Covered Entity” or “Counterparty Entity” (or other similar term) as applicable to it under the Bilateral Agreement; or (iii) if clause (i) and clause (ii) do not apply, the terms of Section 1 and Section 2 and the related defined terms (together, the “Bilateral Terms”) of the form of bilateral template entitled “Full-Length Omnibus (for use between U.S. G-SIBs and Corporate Groups)” published by ISDA on November 2, 2018 (currently available on the 2018 ISDA U.S. Resolution Stay Protocol page at www.isda.org and, a copy of which is available upon request), the effect of which is to amend the qualified financial contracts between the parties thereto to conform with the requirements of the QFC Stay Rules, are hereby incorporated into and form a part of the Agreement, and for such purposes the Agreement shall be deemed a “Covered Agreement,” Party B shall be deemed a “Covered Entity” and Party A shall be deemed a “Counterparty Entity.” In the event that, after the date of the Agreement, both parties hereto become adhering parties to the Protocol, the terms of the Protocol will replace the terms of this paragraph. In the event of any inconsistencies between the Agreement and the terms of the Protocol, the Bilateral Agreement or the Bilateral Terms (each, the “QFC Stay Terms”), as applicable, the QFC Stay Terms will govern. Terms used in this paragraph without definition shall have the meanings assigned to them under the QFC Stay Rules. For purposes of this paragraph, references to “the Agreement” include any related credit enhancements entered into between the parties or provided by one to the other.

“QFC Stay Rules” means the regulations codified at 12 C.F.R. 252.2, 252.81–8, 12 C.F.R. 382.1-7 and 12 C.F.R. 47.1-8, which, subject to limited exceptions, require an express recognition of the stay-and-transfer powers of the FDIC under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the Orderly Liquidation Authority under Title II of the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the override of default rights related directly or indirectly to the entry of an affiliate into certain insolvency proceedings and any restrictions on the transfer of any covered affiliate credit enhancements.]²⁹

Tax Matters:

²⁹ Remove for Barclays, Jefferies and Scotia.

[(A)        Each payment received or to be received by it in connection with the Agreement is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business within the United States; and

(B)           It is a “foreign person” (as that term is used in Section 1.6041-4(a)(4) of the United States Treasury Regulations) for United States federal income tax purposes.]³⁰

[It (or, if it is a disregarded entity, its regarded owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a “U.S. Person” (as that term is used in section 1.1441-4(a)(3)(ii) of the United States Treasury Regulations) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. It is “exempt” within the meaning of the United States Treasury Regulation sections 1.6049-3(p) and 1.6059-4(c) from information reporting on U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 1099 and backup withholding.]³¹

[(A)        It is a “U.S. person” (as that term is used in Section 1.1441-4(a)(3)(ii) of the United States Treasury Regulations) for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

(B)           It is a U.S. limited liability company for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is organized under the laws of the State Delaware. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, it is a disregarded entity of Mizuho Americas LLC, a limited liability company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, Mizuho Americas LLC has elected to be classified as a corporation.]³²

[(A) it is a bank organized under the laws of Canada and a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and

(B) each payment received or to be received by Party A in connection with this Master Forward Confirmation will be effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States]³³

[It is (i) a chartered bank organized under the laws of Canada and is treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes, and (ii) a “foreign person” (as that term is used in Section 1.6041-4(a)(4) of the United States Treasury Regulations) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and each payment received or to be received by it in connection with the Agreement will be effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States.]³⁴

³⁰ Insert for Barclays.

³¹ Insert for Jefferies.

³² Insert for Mizuho.

³³ Insert for RBC.

³⁴ Insert for Scotia.

[(A)          It is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

(B)            Each payment received or to be received by Party A in connection with this Master Forward Confirmation and each Transaction will be effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States.]³⁵

³⁵ Insert for TD.

³⁶ Insert for Barclays.

³⁷ Insert for Jefferies.

³⁸ Insert for Mizuho.

³⁹ Insert for RBC.

⁴⁰ Insert for Scotia.

⁴¹ Insert for TD.

Party A is a Portfolio Data Sending Entity and Party B is a Portfolio Data Receiving Entity.

Party A and Party B may use a Third Party Service Provider, and each of Party A and Party B consents to such use including the communication of the relevant data in relation to Party A and Party B to such Third Party Service Provider for the purposes of the reconciliation services provided by such entity.

The Local Business Days for such purposes in relation to Party A and Party B is New York, New York, USA.

The following are the applicable email addresses:

Portfolio Data:

Party A: MarginServicesPortRec@barclays.com

Party B: bgalvin@equinix.com

Notice of discrepancy:

Party A: PortRecDiscrepancy@barclays.com

Party B: bgalvin@equinix.com

Dispute Notice:

Party A: EMIRdisputenotices@barclays.com

Party B: bgalvin@equinix.com

(a)            it is an entity established outside the European Union and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the “UK”) that would constitute (i) a non-financial counterparty (as such term is defined in Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council on OTC derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories dated 4 July 2012 (“EMIR”)) if it were established in the European Union, and (ii) a non-financial counterparty (as defined in EMIR as it forms part of “retained EU law” (as defined in the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (as amended from time to time)) (“UK EMIR”)) if it were established in the United Kingdom; and

(b)            as at the date of the trade, the entity would not have executed a sufficient amount of derivative activity such that the month-end average notional during the previous 12 months would classify the entity as exceeding the “clearing” threshold, as established by EMIR or UK EMIR, as relevant, if the entity were established in the European Union or the United Kingdom.

“UK Bail-in Power” means any write-down or conversion power existing from time to time (including, without limitation, any power to amend or alter the maturity of eligible liabilities of an institution under resolution or amend the amount of interest payable under such eligible liabilities or the date on which interest becomes payable, including by suspending payment for a temporary period) under, and exercised in compliance with, any laws, regulations, rules or requirements (together, the “UK Regulations”) in effect in the United Kingdom, including but not limited to, the Banking Act 2009 as amended from time to time, and the instruments, rules and standards created thereunder, pursuant to which the obligations of a regulated entity (or other affiliate of a regulated entity) can be reduced (including to zero), cancelled or converted into shares, other securities, or other obligations of such regulated entity or any other person.

A reference to a “regulated entity” is to any BRRD Undertaking as such term is defined under the PRA Rule-book promulgated by the United Kingdom Prudential Regulation Authority or to any person falling within IFPRU 11.6, of the FCA Handbook promulgated by the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, both as amended from time to time, which includes, certain credit institutions, investment firms, and certain of their parent or holding companies.

The Agreement shall be deemed a “Protocol Covered Agreement” for the purposes of the Attachment and the Implementation Date for the purposes of the Attachment shall be deemed to be the date of this Master Forward Confirmation. In the event of any inconsistencies between the Attachment and the other provisions of the Agreement, the Attachment will prevail.

⁴² Insert for Barclays.

⁴³ Insert for RBC and Scotia.

⁴⁴ Insert for Mizuho.

⁴⁵ Insert for TD.

⁴⁶ Insert for Scotia.

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]

47 Insert for Jefferies.

Please confirm that the foregoing correctly sets forth the terms of our agreement by executing a copy of this Master Forward Confirmation and returning it to Party A.

Very truly yours,

⁴⁸ Insert for Barclays.

⁴⁹ Insert for Jefferies.

⁵⁰ Insert for Mizuho.

⁵¹ Insert for RBC.

⁵² Insert for Scotia.

⁵³ Insert for TD.

⁵⁴ Insert for Mizuho.

⁵⁵ Insert for TD.

[Signature Page to Master Forward Confirmation]

[Signature Page to Master Forward Confirmation] 

EXHIBIT A

FORM OF SUPPLEMENTAL CONFIRMATION

The purpose of this Supplemental Confirmation is to confirm the terms and conditions of the Transaction entered into between Party A and Party B (together, the “Contracting Parties”) on the Trade Date specified below. This Supplemental Confirmation is a binding contract between Party A and Party B as of the relevant Trade Date for the Transaction referenced below.

1. This Supplemental Confirmation supplements, forms part of, and is subject to the Master Forward Confirmation dated as of October 1, 2024 (the “Master Forward Confirmation”) between the Contracting Parties, as amended and supplemented from time to time. All provisions contained in the Master Forward Confirmation govern this Supplemental Confirmation except as expressly modified below.

2. The terms of the Transaction to which this Supplemental Confirmation relates are as follows:

⁶² To be twice the Base Amount.

Please confirm that the foregoing correctly sets forth the terms of our agreement by executing a copy of this Supplemental Confirmation and returning it to Party A.

Very truly yours,

Accepted and confirmed as of the date first above written:

[Signature Page to Supplemental Confirmation] 

Schedule I

ANNEX A

PRIVATE PLACEMENT PROCEDURES